The Philosophical Issue Of Knowledge - 1237 Words

Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Title: In this project, the philosophical issue is how do we acquire knowledge? Acquisition of knowledge is a culture that is very important in the day to day life of each individual. The world itself revolves around knowledge, it is through knowledge that we can get to grow as human beings either in or academics, careers and in life at general. Epistemology has been well explained by the well re-known philosophers such as David Hume and Rene Descartes. This paper focuses on a philosophical issue: how we acquire knowledge, the philosophers who explored and talked about it, the concerns available and our present view on the current issue. Knowledge is having information, skills, facts and expertise regarding a particular concern or the world at general that increases the faculty of human beings. Well, in philosophy, Epistemology is the process by which knowledge is acquired. The two philosophers, Hume and Descartes, both have different positions when it comes to this philosophical issue and have different views concerning epistemology but they share in some aspect such as the approaches which were skeptical. It is through them that we have widened our knowledge making philosophy to be just as important as sciences are. David Hume is a philosopher who was rather empiricist in a methodological, explanatory and conceptual way (Stirling, 1999), this made him think that it is only through observation that a theory could be determined andShow MoreRelatedThe Central Tension Within The Republic Of Plato990 Words   |  4 Pagesto find the truth - the ideal philosophical way of leading a city. As described by Plato, those who become complete guardians are born with the capability of developing philosophical knowledge unlike others (518b). Furthermore, it is only through persuasion that this philosophical growth is possible, more specifically through three major components within persuasion: listening, exhortation and dialectic. Through these principles, a deeper understanding of knowledge can be achieved. Popular opinionRead MoreThe Case Of A Philosophical Work1188 Words   |  5 PagesIn the case of a philosophical work it seems not only superfluous, but, in view of the nature of philosophy, even inappropriate and misleading to begin, as writers usually do in a preface, by explaining the end the author had in mind, the circumstances which gave rise to the work, and the relation in which the writer takes it to stand to other treatises on the same subject, written by his predecessors or his contemporaries. For whatever it might be suitable to state about philosophy in a prefaceRead MorePhl/215 Philosophy Matrix988 Words   |  4 PagesMaterial Philosophy Matrix   Ã‚  Field |   Ã‚  Definition | Historical Developments  Ã‚   |   Ã‚  Schools Of Thought |   Ã‚  Key Contributors  Ã‚  Ã‚   |   Ã‚  Principal Issues | Epistemology | The study of knowledge: What constitutes knowledge, the nature of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible | Pre-Socratics observe and seek to define physical phenomena.Socrates studied human behavior and tried to determine the essential nature of knowledge.Aristotle sought to categorizeRead More20th Century Philosophy1064 Words   |  5 PagesThis week’s paper we were to research and identify three prevailing philosophical perspectives at work during the 20th Century. To begin I will research the history of a few new tendencies in contemporary philosophy. Then I will discuss the Tom Rockmore interpretation of such tendencies. Tom Rockmore is Professor of Philosophy and a McAnulty College Distinguished Professor, Dr. Rockmores current research interests encompass all of modern philosophy, with special emphasis on selected problemsRead MoreEssay on Fulfillment is Gained Through Philosophical Thought1199 Words   |  5 PagesFulfillment is Gained Throug h Philosophical Thought The ability to think philosophical is the ability to truly understand and know ones surroundings and everything that influences those surroundings to the degree that knowledge becomes the ultimate understanding and appreciation of the surroundings without question. With this ultimate understanding, a philosopher is able to appreciate life and live life to a fuller degree than the average person. Unfortunately, becoming a philosopher or even recognizingRead More The Rise Of Christianity Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pageswas no need for new discoveries. Everything that mankind would ever need to know about God, nature, or humanity was to be found in the Bible. The process of discovery that began in ancient Greece had come to an end. Books would be destroyed and knowledge would be lost, marking the beginning of a dark age that would last for the next thousand years. Augustines writings became sacred in their own way. His books still form the backbone of Catholic philosophy today. He died during the barbarian invasionsRead MoreThe Value of Philosophy Essay754 Words   |  4 Pagessynthesize their religious faiths with Greek and Roman philosophy. Modern philosophy includes the various philosophical attempts in the 17th and 18th centuries to react to the scientific revolution which took place during the 17th century. It culminates in the philosophical system created the German philosopher, Immanuel Kant. Recent philosophy covers the 19th and 20th century philosophical movements which have developed in reaction to Kant’s philosophy. â€Å"Practical† people often dismiss philosophyRead MoreA Philosophical Framework For A Project1180 Words   |  5 Pagesa deep philosophical framework in order to be as informative and interesting to be read as it can. bring the best results. Moreover, putting a philosophical framework in projects is supposed to be a critical issue. In addition to this, in order to show clearly the aim as well as the focus of the project, each step must be appropriate, and ‘fit’ if we want to talk with the language of modern research philosophies. Projects should also be characterized by a logical cohesion, so philosophical approachesRead MoreSkeptecism of History and Science1097 Words   |  4 Pagesphilosopher who denies the possibility of knowledge, or even rational belief, in some sphere.When knowledge is primarily presented by an abundance of assumption is brought up. Generally, a skeptic often is required to proceed a thorough evaluation of the assumption or hypothesis p resented in order to provide factual clarity. What may seem correct has the potential to be completely faulty when another evidence clashes with the primary idea. The two areas of knowledge that requires to an individual to thoroughlyRead MoreExploring Strategies for Teaching Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesTeaching is a strategizing act of service. It aids students in understanding the mysteries of certain subjects and shapes their mindsets on how they will apply the knowledge he or she acquire about the subject. However, in order to do this act, the teacher will have to have an idea about teaching and learning and apply it in his or her instruction. Conversely, instruction of information should be done in a manner that the student can explicate the information that the teacher is elucidating. This

Accounting and Society Example

Essays on Accounting and Society Research Paper ï » ¿Ã‚  Accounting  Ã‚   The accounting major merges practice and theory to train learners for reporting and analysis of the economic interests of corporations or organizations and passing of the attained information to individuals who make decisions. Students who decide to pursue accounting develop techniques in international accounting, managerial accounting, taxation, budgeting, internal and external auditing, accounting systems, financial reporting, financial analysis, and internal controls. The accounting major grooms learners for a wide area of accounting careers in government, profit, and non-profit organizations. The accounting major eases the decision on making a career choice. It helps in determining the career way to pursue (Perks 16). This paper looks at my decision of becoming an accounting major and the accounting profession I would want to become in the future. In recent years, it has become necessary to follow a career path that can provide compensation in case of layoffs or global crises. In addition, several economic sectors, both private and public, have faced economic issues. In choosing a career, it is essential to pursue a career that will not be severely affected in case of an economic difficulty. Accounting provides the most positive answer to any career choice question. People engaged in the accounting profession receive additional payments compared to individuals in alternative professions (Perks 19). Moreover, different substitute employments where enhancement is delayed, the accounting profession has consistently increased its salary within a year in which it stops in business. First, accounting has a lofty competitive salary. The current salary for an account lies between $40,000 and $50,000 annually. Accounts can also earn additional amounts of money depending on their experience in the accounting profession. Individuals who start their career in accounting earn a reasonable pay compared to individuals in commencement of other careers. Second, accounting has always been highly demand. Even though, earlier accountant had not been paid exceptionally well, they have been growing in demand. The accounting profession is increasing becoming a sensitive thriving career margin because every commercial activity that exists, tiny or large, requires the services of an accountant (Perks 23). An impressive accountant will never be unemployed because the accounting profession exists in every business. Third, the accounting major provides an opportunity to advance career. Accounting is a recognized career that has an enormous demand. This means impressive work will be fast remunerated with fortification as immense as increase in payment. There also have been substantial opportunities for advancement that can direct an accountant toward gaining a difference over individuals from other careers within the shortest period. Fourth, the accounting major, will lead to a career in accounting. The accounting profession entails excellent benefits. Apart from large salaries and opportunities for advancement, accounting is also accompanied with numerous, magnificent benefits. These benefits are essential to both the accountant and his family or dependents. The benefits cater for retirement, savings, housing, medical care among other benefits (Perks 26). The benefits act as motivation for the hard work performed by the accountants. Fifth, the accounting major presents the student or learner to several work opportunities. This is because most businesses require the services of an accountant. The demands of accounting can place an accountant to any sector, from industry to the environmental sector. While an original focus on an accountant is on commercial operation finances, the accounting profession in most cases entails communication with extensive different professions in any area of work. There has never been a boundary over where an accountant will work. This shows how the accounting profession is diverse and dynamic. In addition, it is easy for accounting major to change his career path if he is not satisfied (Perks 26). The accounting options are as dynamic as working as an auditor of a major international corporation to running a tiny accounting venture from a home. Sixth, Paying for services that involve bookkeeping, income returns, and payroll can be extremely expensive for a family or small business. Being an accounting major will enable an individual to conduct all these activities for himself. There will be no need to entrust the hard-earned salary, investments, and livelihood to an individual who has not invested anything to lose. In addition, this enables a person to take probable deduction and precaution to take full advantage of the income, investment, or wealth. Also, when a person acts as an accountant, he removes the probability of his money being embezzled. Finally, the accounting major assists an individual make knowledgeable business or investment choices (Perks 28). A person purchases, makes investments, and makes business decisions reduce the income tax results for a business or family and multiply profits. As an accounting major, a person will gain knowledge of what business and investment activities to follow so as to eliminat e tax liability and still gain profits for the business. The different employment opportunities available for people who would want to pursue the accounting profession can be categorized into three core areas. They include government and not-for profit accounting, public accounting, and private accounting (Perks 33). I will pursue governmental accounting, now that accounting is my major. This is because the utilization of accounting processes results in government differs enormously from the utilization in the private segment. I would also want to work for the federal, state, or local government because I will be employed by the Internal Revenue Service. In addition, an accountant working for the government audits private business or maintains government agencies financial records or audit people who are a focus to government taxation and regulation. Also, I would be interested in working as a governmental accountant because the significant decision makers, particularly, representatives and officials, require organized, accounted financial information to be presented for the goals in the decision making. These objectives or goals do not bear any connection to net proceeds outcomes but instead they focus on efficiency and service delivery. Moreover, governmental accounting considers the taxpayer (Perks 35). This is a particularly momentous group, and they want pay the lowest amount of tax as they can for the indispensable services for which funds are being compelled by rules. Also, this accounting calculates the financial resources flow instead economic resources flow. Work Cited Perks, R. W. Accounting and Society. New York: Chapman Hall, 1993. Print.

Promoting Clinical Excellence

Question: Discuss aboout the Promoting Clinical Excellence. Answer: Purpose and search strategy for literature search Health care professional have the duty to effectively deliver quality patient outcome. They are required to promote patient safety and quality through a culture of safety, evidence based practice and clinical judgment (Longtin et al. 2010, pp. 53-62). However, this process of safety is compromised due to fatigue and burnout in the job. To complete explore the issue of burnout in health care, relevant literature on the topic was searched from Google Scholar, Cinahl, MedLine, PsychINFO and Cochrane Library. The key search term included burnout, stress in health care and burnout and patient safety. Only those article were included which was published within the year of 2007 to 2017. The literature search revealed that the prevalence of burnout and psychological distress is a major issue for nurse and health care. The report explains in detail the role of health professionals and other health care team in promoting safety of patients and delivering quality care. As the main focus is on level of fatigue or burn out as an indicator of patient safety, the report discusses the experience of patients related to high burn out issues in health care staffs. Secondly, through relevant literature, it describes the risk assessment procedure and surveillance in relation to the level of burnout in nurses and the role nurses play in improving the care experience. Role of health service and health care team in improving patient safety and quality of care Health care service is a system of care where skilled clinicians and inter-professional health care team work together to improve well-being of patients and assist them in recovery and independence. The main priority of delivering care is to promote optimal level of well-being in client (Carayon et al., 2014). They have the responsibility to develop a culture of safety to improve the provisions of patient safety and deliver high quality care. Safety culture is dependent on performance and attitude of clinicians and nurses in care such as their attitude of maximizing well-being of patients and avoiding errors as far as possible. It is also dependent on organizational factors such as providing adequate training skills to health care professionals from time to time to update them with current development in medical science and intervention (Weaver et al. 2013). Safety culture can also be personified by the shared values, beliefs and implementation of appropriate procedure related to pat ient safety. Such beliefs and norms have an impact on the attitudes of clinicians and staffs related to patient safety and enhances their motivation to engage in safe behaviors in daily practice (Morello et al. 2013). With the rise in demand of health care service and increase in complexity of the illness, many issues are faced by clinicians in the safe delivery of care. Often too many task at hand leads to errors when nurses or clinicians fail to give adequate time to patients. However, lack of adequate staffs and heavy workload creates fatigue and burnout among patients. Work stress not only contributes to high turnover rate and absenteeism, it also affects the quality of care. This causes risk to patient safety too (Leiter 2015, pp.223-227). In such situation, use of electronic medical record (EHR) has also been encouraged by health care service to enhance patient safety and quality of care. (Middleton et al. 2013) has reported that EHR provides health providers with access to complete and accurate information of patients and it maximizes the ability to diagnose disease and improve patient outcome at a fast pace. It also stores all the informations gathered by a primary care providers and clini cians dealing with the patient in emergency department can easility identify life threatening allergies or other complication in patients. With this detail, the emergency staff can work to adjust and treatment process appropriate and avoid medical errors. In some care, EHR also identifies safety problems or health issues within the system to mitigate serious consequence to patients during health care delivery (Slight et al. 2015). Hence, along with a patient safety culture, meaningful of electronic health record also provides health care team to better engage safe and quality health care practice. Patient experience related to indicator High level of burnout has been directly associated with increase in patients dissatisfaction with care. A study with nurse working for longer hours revealed high level of burnout among nurses and patients dissatisfaction with care increased in such situation. Nurses are at risk of burnout when they have to work overtime along with longer shifts. Rotating shifts between day and night increases the risk of fatigue and burnout in nurses. This is highly associated with nurses intention to leave the job and poor nursing performance (Caadas-De la et al. 2015). For an individual nurse, burn out leads to demotivation, emotional exhaustion and poor performance in staffs. Apart from job dissatisfaction and high nursing turnover rate, burnout is also significantly increasing the patients dissatisfaction with care. This is because shift timing of nurses and patients outcome have interrelation. Burnout becomes a threat to patient safety when depersonalization among nurses leads to poor engagement with patients. There is more chances of detachment from work which further lead to the development of negative attitude towards patients. All this factors result in patient dissatisfaction with health care service. The literature study showed that increase in patient dissatisfaction was high when larger number of nurses worked more than 13 hours (Stimpfel et al. 2012, pp.2501-2509). Hence, this evidence suggest that patients are less satisfied with care due to burnout issues in nurses. High-level of burnout was also associated with more incidence of medical error which posed risk to safety of patient. One study suggested that burnout was associated with lower patient safety grade and increase in therapeutic errors (Hall et al. 2016). Another study gave the indication that burnout among nurses has an impact on patient safety and proportion of patient adverse events. The cross-sectional survey with nurses regarding the work environment quality of care, job outcomes and patient adverse events showed that exhaustion along with depersonalization is an important predictor of nursing performance, quality of care and patient outcomes. To avoid creating situations that unnecessary exposes patients to quality and safety related issues, it is necessary to improve the work environment of nurses and reduce their burden in task (Van Bogaert et al., 2014). Risk assessment, surveillance in improving care in relation to the indicator To address the problem of burnout and its risk to patient safety, there is a need to think of strategies to mitigate the issue in clinical practice. The first step is to assess the level of burnout This can be done by means of tools like Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). MBI is a psychological assessment tool used to predict burnout and the validity of the instrument is proved by various research. It uses three scales to measure burnout, which includes emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment The reliability and validity of the tool is well-established (Poghosyan et al. 2014). All these three elements are indicators of burnout. Emotional exhaustion measures the level of emotional exhaustion due to work, depersonalization measures impersonal response towards work responsibilities and personal accomplishment determines the feeling of competence in work. Burnout is defined by high score in all the subscales of the inve ntory. This tool is widely used in research studies to evaluate level of burnout in health care staffs and take adequate steps to address burnout issues (Bria et al. 2014). CBI is the a new tool for measuring burnout which uses three scales which is the personal, work and client related burnout (Demerouti et al. 2010, p.209). Based on the score on each areas, the issue can be addressed by increasing motivation in staffs by providing flexible work timing, giving regular breaks and providing them staffs power to engage in decision making. This will motivate staffs to seriously engage in their care priorities and establish therapeutic relationship with patients. Apart from risk assessment regarding the prevalence of burnout issues in nurse, several surveillance and monitoring procedure has been implemented in health care setting to reduce burnout and improve the quality of care. One of the strategies that have been adapted in high intensity setting is building resilience of nurse to reduce burnout among nurses. This is based on creating a healthy work environment and improving resilience of nurses. This goes in parallel with improving retention rates and reducing nursing turnover rate (McGowan and Murray 2016). Similar strategy was tested in a research study in which nurses working in high intensity units of hospitals were assessed regarding burnout, moral distress and resilience through 6 survey tools. This revealed that moral distress was a major predictor of burnout and nurses who have greater resilience achieves higher score in personal accomplishment. These nurses were confident about their competence level in the job. Spiritual weel be ing reduce emotional exhaustion whereas the physical well-being lead to personal accomplishments. Hence, development of strategies to reduce nurses vulnerability to emotional exhaustion will help in addressing issue of burnout and promoting patient safety and quality of care (Rushton et al. 2015). Role of nurse in improving care experience Nurse can enhance the value of health care delivery by means of effective communication with patients and engaging patients in decision-making process. Effective communication is a key attribute to enhance patients satisfaction with care and provide them best care experience in hospital setting. Having adequate skill for patient-centered care is essential to fully partner with patients in decision making and yield positive health outcome. It helps to overcome cultural barrier to care delivery and manage conflict in nursing practice (Campinha-Bacote 2011). In relation to the issue of burnout experienced by nurses, they can work to overcome this issue by means of self-evaluation and coping strategies. Reduced professional efficacy is seen due to inefficiency in work and lack of success in professional roles. This is the cause of burnout and creates the condition for occupational hazard among nurses. Core self-evaluation is emerging as a positive concept to modify personal and increase self-efficacy and self-esteem of nurses in practice. Self-evaluation practices promotes goal setting, commitment and engagement in the job responsibilities. This can be done bv evaluating job performance and identify the personal reasons for non-accomplishment in the job. A nurse who engages in self-evaluation practices is likely to more competent and confident about their skills than those who do not practice it (Li et al. 2014). Apart from it, coping styles of nurse also determines their skill to manage job pressure and prevent feeling of depersonalization in practice. Different individuals may have different coping styles, which varies according to cultural, personal and psychological factors (Howlet et al. 2015). Nurses can improve their performance either by active coping or passive coping. Active coping strategy is to modify the nature of stressor instead of just thinking about it, whereas passive coping strategy is to engage in alcohl use or withdrawal from the pressure to address stressful events. However, passive coping is not the solution because it causes more risk to nurses both in terms of personal and professional context (Monter et al. 2014). Hence, use of active coping style is recommended for nurses to mitigate the negative impact of stressors and develop the skill to react to difficult situations. This will be an effective step to prevent burnout and improve nursing performance. Implication and recommendation to improve practice Nursing performance can be enhanced by building their resilience skill to manage stress in the job. This will help them to cope with job pressure and handle complex clinical situation and workload. Debriefing sessions can also be helpful for nurse to learn the ways to avoid burnout and judiciously handle complex clinical task. Apart from organizational role in providing flexibility in task, personal effort by nurse is also necessary to engage in critical reflection and idea areas of improvement. Based on this clinical judgment, future practice can be improved by means of utilizing best evidence in clinical practice. Reference Bria, M., Spnu, F., B?ban, A. and Dumitra?cu, D.L., 2014. Maslach burnout inventorygeneral survey: factorial validity and invariance among Romanian healthcare professionals.Burnout Research,1(3), pp.103-111. Campinha-Bacote, J., 2011. Delivering patient-centered care in the midst of a cultural conflict: The role of cultural competence.The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing,16(2). Caadas-De la Fuente, G.A., Vargas, C., San Luis, C., Garca, I., Caadas, G.R. and Emilia, I., 2015. Risk factors and prevalence of burnout syndrome in the nursing profession.International journal of nursing studies,52(1), pp.240-249. Carayon, P., Wetterneck, T.B., Rivera-Rodriguez, A.J., Hundt, A.S., Hoonakker, P., Holden, R. and Gurses, A.P., 2014. Human factors systems approach to healthcare quality and patient safety.Applied ergonomics,45(1), pp.14-25. Demerouti, E., Mostert, K. and Bakker, A.B., 2010. Burnout and work engagement: a thorough investigation of the independency of both constructs.Journal of occupational health psychology,15(3), p.209. Hall, L.H., Johnson, J., Watt, I., Tsipa, A. and OConnor, D.B., 2016. Healthcare staff wellbeing, burnout, and patient safety: A systematic review.PLoS One,11(7), p.e0159015. Howlett, M., Doody, K., Murray, J., LeBlanc-Duchin, D., Fraser, J. and Atkinson, P.R., 2015. Burnout in emergency department healthcare professionals is associated with coping style: a cross-sectional survey.Emergency Medicine Journal, pp.emermed-2014. Leiter, M.P., 2015, Key worklife areas contributing to health care burnout: reflections on the ORCAB project, British journal of health psychology,20(2), pp.223-227. Li, X., Guan, L., Chang, H. and Zhang, B., 2014. Core self-evaluation and burnout among nurses: the mediating role of coping styles.PloS one,9(12), p.e115799. Longtin, Y., Sax, H., Leape, L.L., Sheridan, S.E., Donaldson, L. and Pittet, D., 2010, January. Patient participation: current knowledge and applicability to patient safety. InMayo Clinic Proceedings(Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 53-62). Elsevier. McGowan, J.E. and Murray, K., 2016. Exploring resilience in nursing and midwifery students: a literature review.Journal of advanced nursing,72(10), pp.2272-2283. Middleton, B., Bloomrosen, M., Dente, M.A., Hashmat, B., Koppel, R., Overhage, J.M., Payne, T.H., Rosenbloom, S.T., Weaver, C. and Zhang, J., 2013. Enhancing patient safety and quality of care by improving the usability of electronic health record systems: recommendations from AMIA.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,20(e1), pp.e2-e8. Montero-Marin, J., Prado-Abril, J., Demarzo, M.M.P., Gascon, S. and Garca-Campayo, J., 2014. Coping with stress and types of burnout: explanatory power of different coping strategies.PloS one,9(2), p.e89090 Morello, R.T., Lowthian, J.A., Barker, A.L., McGinnes, R., Dunt, D. and Brand, C., 2013. Strategies for improving patient safety culture in hospitals: a systematic review.BMJ quality safety,22(1), pp.11-18. Poghosyan, L., Aiken, L.H. and Sloane, D.M., 2014. Corrigendum to Factor structure of the Maslach burnout inventory: An analysis of data from large scale cross-sectional surveys of nurses from eight countries[Int. J. Nurs. Stud. 46 (2009) 894902].International Journal of Nursing Studies,51(10), pp.1416-1417. Rushton, C.H., Batcheller, J., Schroeder, K. and Donohue, P., 2015. Burnout and resilience among nurses practicing in high-intensity settings.American Journal of Critical Care,24(5), pp.412-420. Slight, S.P., Berner, E.S., Galanter, W., Huff, S., Lambert, B.L., Lannon, C., Lehmann, C.U., McCourt, B.J., McNamara, M., Menachemi, N. and Payne, T.H., 2015. Meaningful use of electronic health records: experiences from the field and future opportunities.JMIR medical informatics,3(3), p.e30. Stimpfel, A.W., Sloane, D.M. and Aiken, L.H., 2012. The longer the shifts for hospital nurses, the higher the levels of burnout and patient dissatisfaction.Health Affairs,31(11), pp.2501-2509. Van Bogaert, P., Timmermans, O., Weeks, S.M., van Heusden, D., Wouters, K. and Franck, E., 2014. Nursing unit teams matter: Impact of unit-level nurse practice environment, nurse work characteristics, and burnout on nurse reported job outcomes, and quality of care, and patient adverse eventsA cross-sectional survey.International journal of nursing studies,51(8), pp.1123-1134. Weaver, S.J., Lubomksi, L.H., Wilson, R.F., Pfoh, E.R., Martinez, K.A. and Dy, S.M., 2013. Promoting a Culture of Safety as a Patient Safety StrategyA Systematic Review.Annals of internal medicine,158(5_Part_2), pp.369-374.

Running Review Essay Example

Running Review Paper Essay on Running Rest, who finished his race! The first observation. Read the works of the White movement, immigration, revolution and civil war, it was always very difficult. Very badly I worry about it. After a fratricidal war is always scary and shocking. Scared when strangers mistreat each other, even worse when it is done by his ». Monitoring the second. Any war for a single person is meaningless. No civilian motives can not overcome human pain, suffering, deprivation and humiliation. A man in a whirlwind of events blind and helpless. I am screaming for help Bulgakov: Well, what can be the situation at the front! Dummy! Cannon fire, the commander of the stove front with fervor slipped under his breath, Kuban-Chief sent me a gift, and they bare. Neither the restaurant nor the girls! Green melancholy. Here we sit on stools, like parrots.  » We will write a custom essay sample on Running Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Running Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Running Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Monitoring the third. Running, in my opinion, is much more than Bulgakovs work than The White Guard. Somehow, I think so. Here, such an incredible mixture grotesque and, thus, eerie reality phantasmagorias and despair, comic and tragic. Judge for yourself:  «Ã„Å'arnota. And I remember, what a glorious fight was near Kiev, adorable fight! It was warm, sunshine, warm but not hot, Marya Konstantinovna. And the lice were certainly Louse that this insect FACE!. Fu, muck any say Gregory Lukyanovich! ÄÅ'arnota. Why is it disgusting? Deal still need to insects. Louse pet war, combat, and the bug a parasite. Louse goes squadrons on horseback, louse conceals lava, and then, then, will be a huge battle! (Tosca.)  » I love something black Bulgakovs humor. And, at the same time, terribly afraid of him. Monitoring the fourth (which is the same advice). Did you like the film about Kolchak and do you expect from a book of similar emotions? Running is not read. Formally, the play has a love story, a tragic end But the effect is not the same. Absolutely. The play draws ruined ant, cockroach races white. They are not heroes. They are just people who pursue happiness, or at least quiet life. But here they have reached the goal? .. The answer, I think, you know. In the kitchen again entered in the twilight, the cockroaches on the stove. I lit a match, whet, and they fled. Match take and pogasni. I hear they have legs rustling Shur Shur, mur mur And we also and rustling darkness. I look and think, where to run? Like cockroaches, in a bucket.  » Monitoring the fifth. Still, I am very sorry for the Russian. Every time shuddered when the text met the unfortunate Russian in shabby shape. Monitoring the 6th, it is the latter. Now, too, the hard times and this is my pessimistic mood. I do not think, well hard times, sir, if someone a little will not meet on your way! Lies some sort of strange lady in the church .  » P.S. Still, I am a bad reviewer. I wanted to play, but it turned out about about me.

Symbols Used in ”Noli Me Tangere” by Jose Rizal Essay Sample free essay sample

The characters of the novel were drawn by Rizal from individuals who really existed during his clip. * Juan Crisostomo Ibarra – the supporter Represented the flush and broad European educated Filipino ( Ilustrado ) and desired the instruction of the people * Elias – represented the Filipino multitudes wanted to emancipate the people from the unfairnesss suffered from the Spaniards and represented Rizal himself * Maria Clara – The object of Ibarra’s love and fondness. * Trained in a convent and immersed in instruction that is spiritual in orientation. * Salome – Elias’ girlfriend * Same with Maria Clara epitomizes muliebrity in their fidelity. shyness and modestness and represents Leonor Rivera * Padre Damaso – the chief adversary in the novel.* A typical domineering mendicant during Rizal’s clip.* Arrogant. immoral and anti-Filipino* Often mistaken as a Dominican priest.* Pilosopo Tasyo – perceived to be a sage by the educated and a moonstruck orWyrd by those who did non cognize him. * Represents Paciano. Rizal’s older brother* Capitan Tiago – Don Anastacio de los Santos* Husband of Pia Alba* His wealth came from illegal opium trade* Example of a subservient Filipino to the Spanish governments for protection and security * Capitan Juan Sunico of San Nicolas* Sisa – the female parent of Basilio and Crispin* Symbolizes Filipinos deficiency of concern in facing and deciding jobs facing Filipino society. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbols Used in †Noli Me Tangere† by Jose Rizal Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * But illustrates the typical Filipino female parent. Ready to support their kids from all signifiers of unfairness and accusals. * Basilio and Crispin – represents the Crisostomo brothers in Bulacan * Padre Salvi – represents an immoral and coward mendicant * Was believed to be Father Antonio Piernavieja. the despised Augustinian mendicant who was killed b the nationalists during the revolution. * Dona Victorina – married woman of Don Tiburcio de Espadana.* A societal climber. An Indio who wanted to be treated as a Spaniard for her hubby was a citizen of Spain. * Dona Agustina Medel* Dona Consolacion – kept woman of the Alferez* Symbolized the outlook of the Guardia Civil: Vulgar. cruel and quarrelsome The novel calls for the Filipino to:* Regain his ego assurance* Appreciate his dignity* Return to the heritage of his ascendants* Assert himself* To be to the Spaniards* Insists in the demand for instruction* Dedication to the state* Absorbing the facets of Western civilization that could heighten native traditions

Essay on Public Opinion

Essay on Public Opinion Essay on Public Opinion This is a free sample essay on Public Opinion: Public opinion, which can be swayed by the manipulation of the media and to some degree by the President’s persuasion, greatly impacts the policies made by public officials. George Bush promised tax cuts if elected as President of the United States of America. He was able to convince the public that they should be able to spend their money rather than the government. According to the Gallup Poll of September 11-13, 2000 , 74% of the public was in favor of tax cuts. The media’s support of tax cuts was divided; therefore it was not as effective in swaying public opinion as when all media are united in their opinions. Even the Democratic leaders, who were generally against the tax cuts, were unable to prevent the tax cuts. This was due to Democratic leaders like Max Baucus, John Breaux, Blanche Lincoln, and Robert Torricelli who voted in favor of the tax cuts which was guided by the wishes of their constituents. Policies made dealing with Afghanistan cannot be compared to typical policies made by our government officials. These polices are a result of terrorist attacks on America. Because of the nature of the attacks, most everyone agrees on the same policies, which are in the best interests of our country. The ability of President Bush to set specific goals and a unifying cause, has been a major affect in gathering the support of both the people and the media. The Gallup Poll shows that about 90% of the people are in favor of President Bush’s policies at this time . If public opinion should start to change, President Bush would probably reconsider his policies involving Afghanistan, as would any public official when trying to appeal to their constituents. ______________ is a professional essay writing service which can provide high school, college and university students with 100% original custom written essays, research papers, term papers, dissertations, courseworks, homeworks, book reviews, book reports, lab reports, projects, presentations and other assignments of top quality. More than 700 professional Ph.D. and Master’s academic writers. Feel free to order a custom written essay on Public Opinion from our professional essay writing service.

Retail and Investment Banking in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Retail and Investment Banking in the UK - Essay Example Even though the face of banking may change, the functionality may not be altered in many cases. This, therefore, means that the need to come up with strategies to accommodate the change is necessary. One of the strategies that are brought forward is the use of separation of investment banking from the retail section of banking. Separation of retail banking from investment banking is a strategy that is required as a measure to increase financial stability within a national economy. In this separation, the banks either specialize to perform retail or investment banking in an arrangement known as ring-fencing of the banks (Coppola, 5, September 2014 ). In this arrangement, a local subsidiary of a bank that takes the deposits of local customers is protected from the parent corporation through trade bans and deposits security mechanisms (Song 2004, pp 19). In this way, the deposits of the local customers are protected from external shocks of the economic uncertainties that the large international corporations could have exposed them to. In Great Britain (2012, pp11), the rules that set up the conditions for ring-fenced banks are listed. These rules set the prohibitions that are set for the banks that are set by the regulating authority. In this essay, the effectiveness of the separation of retail banking and investment banking are discussed. The focus of the essay remains if the separation can really bear intended fruits or collapse and the possible consequences of the separation. Investment banking provides services and funds to different sectors of the economy. In doing this, investment banking exposes utilizes the financial capital that is majorly drawn from the savings or deposits of the clients. It means that in a worst-case scenario, if the economic forces force the investments to collapse totally, then the bank is faced with insolvency.  

Henry A. Wallace Questions the 'Get Tough' PolicyAndrei Vishinsky's Essay

Henry A. Wallace Questions the 'Get Tough' PolicyAndrei Vishinsky's United Nations Speech - Essay Example Henry A Wallace â€Å"Questions the Get Tough Policy† The main issue revolving around the mind of Henry Wallace was how the rest of the world views the USA following their day-to-day actions. The reading expounds on the international politics of 1940s. Some of the actions that cause concern are $13 billion budget for the war and Navy Departments, continuing examinations and manufacturing of bombs, the plan to arm the Latin America among other military plans in manufacturing the B-29s and the B-36s. These plans and actions make the USA look as if it is paying so much to earn peace. They may also look as if the US is planning to intimidate the rest of the world or it is planning for an inevitable war. Truly, the best way to enhance peace is investing in arms as this will build a predominance force. However, the USA is doing a lot as far as getting prepared for a war is concerned. Henry Wallace explains these actions of Atomic bomb investment as a cheap warfare as compared with t he outdated wars. This is in reference with the fact that there are a few nations with the capacity to produce the weapon. The production process also requires little labor force and the plant itself occupy a small area as compared to the space occupied by plants manufacturing old rifles. Another reason for investment in atomic bombs is that having many bombs among other nations is of no benefit because they would be of benefit just as having enough weapons would do. Another key reason why the country is producing atomic bombs is that the production will kill the monopoly that a nation such as Russia is producing the weapon. This is through a neutralization effect. He also argues that they are producing the atomic bombs to show preparedness for war, as they are the most venerable nation following the fact that they are the wealthiest nation in the world (Baylis, Smith, and Owens 23). He refers to a philosophy in military studies, which states that there is no nation capable of winni ng a war that fully destroys modern civilization. The theory, therefore, advocates that the best preventative measure is attacking nations, which produce the weapon. The theory by its nature is unethical and immoral. The USA may be at a fix if it decided to apply the theory because if it attempts to attack Russia and all its atomic reserves, it will awaken Europe, meaning in has to destroy it as well which it would be an immense challenge. There are also issues concerning distrust of Russia by the Americans. This is following the conflicts between the two nations as far as political and economic power is concerned. However, there is also an argument that the continuing thought regarding distrust for Russia will not do the world any good because of their reaction concerning the allegation. This is in reference with the history of the nation as well as the policies of Russia to the rest of the world. Following the argument by Henry Wallace, it is evident that the Americans feel that t hey are exceptional and superior to other nations (Baylis, Smith, and Owens 56). Andrei Vishinsky's â€Å"United Nations Speech" â€Å"The Get Policy† by Henry Wallace of 1947 analyzes the need to stop the ongoing after- war propaganda that negatively affected the people. Different individuals share their own opinion about the war, and this is published in the newspapers and daily

New Media Technologies And News Production Essay

New Media Technologies And News Production - Essay Example On the other hand, families saw the need of sitting and watching the television after a day’s work rather than reading newspapers to acquire information. Additionally, the advancement in to the World Wide Web era gave birth to personalized consumption of information since it a was faster and more detailed way of news reporting. News production and the internet Moreover, the information transmission through the internet led to great cultural diversifications in the way of consuming news. The internet is a platform of free culture in that the information provided costs less or is free. Sequentially, the newspapers in the developed nations are unable to compete with the internet in terms of revenue accumulation. Undoubtedly, journalists who find themselves on the receiving end of losing their jobs because of the financial strain in the world today have implemented the use of blogging sites on the internet (Schubert, 2011:5). These blogging sites provide an avenue for the airing o f their views through cheap and reliable means (Stuart 2003:36). They do not find themselves answerable to any one except authorities of their lands of origin. Therefore, the internet has offered a way of bridging the professional gap from that of being unemployed to that of independence for practicing journalists across the globe. On the contrary, citizens have also had their fair contribution in reporting, as the internet offers a platform for posting photographs and amateur video footage on happening events. This is what citizen journalism entails (Greer & McLaughlin, 2010:1045).Once these pictures find their way to the internet, they give room for research where the researching on more facts surrounding the developing story may get to the public domain... This essay stresses that the media has a way of portraying protests and demonstrations by the public in a violent and the non-attractive way. Usually, they portray the demonstrators as those who have high traits of anarchy. This depicts the influence of the media in explaining the actual state happening events. However, governments have emphasized the need for positive reporting rather than negative reporting through the showing of disturbing images. Ideally, negative reporting may affect a country’s economy in that it may bring down a country’s attractiveness to potential investors. Modern day media forms should act as public relations features rather than weapons of ruining public image. Therefore, the media has a role to play in restoring public trust in institutions like the police force that have had the repute of violence and brutality to the public. This paper makes a conclusion that The transformed media has a critical place in the present society because many use it as a matter of the need to feel informed. In this regard, responsible journalism should be the foundation for any coverage of information intending to reach the public domain. Ideally, the media is a tremendously powerful tool that which can influence the society either negatively or positively. Subsequently, the transformed media should ensure that it is impartial and steers the society towards the right direction. Finally, the transformed media forms have defined the standards of living for many of the urban citizens since the reception and production of news is immense quality and class.

Optimal Reactive Power Planning By Using Evolutionary Engineering Essay

Optimal Reactive Power Planning By Using Evolutionary Engineering Essay This paper presents a methodology for solving Optimal Reactive Power Planning (ORPP) problem by using Evolutionary Programming (EP) Optimization Technique in order to improve the voltage stability and minimize the losses in the power system. This study has developed the Evolutionary Programming (EP) Optimization Technique using MATLAB software. The study tested two fitness functions namely total loss minimization and the voltage stability improvement in power system with two different mutation technique. Comparison in the results obtained was made in order to determine the best fitness function and the best mutation technique to be used for solving ORPP and hence the voltage stability is improved. The proposed technique was tested on the IEEE 26 bus reliability test system. Keywords: Optimal Reactive Power Planning (ORPP), Voltage Stability Improvement, Evolutionary Programming (EP) I. INTRODUCTION In general, the problem of optimal reactive power planning (ORPP) can be defined as to determine the amount and location of shunt reactive power compensation devices needed for minimum cost while keeping an adequate voltage profile. The ORPP is one of the most challenging problems since objective functions, the operation cost and the investment cost of new reactive power sources, should be minimized simultaneously [1]. Transmission loss can be minimised by performing reactive power planning which involves optimisation process. The ORPP is a large-scale nonlinear optimization problem with a large number of variables and uncertain parameters. Various mathematical optimization algorithms have been developed for the ORPP, which in most cases; use nonlinear [2], linear [3], or mixed integer programming [4], and decomposition methods [5-8]. However, these conventional techniques are known to converge to a local optimal solution rather than the global one for problems such as ORPP which have many local minima. Recently, evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been used for optimization; in particular both the genetic algorithm and evo1ution programming have been used in the ORPP problem. The EA is a powerful optimization technique analogous to the natural selection process in genetics. It is useful especially when other optimization methods fail in finding the optimal solution [1]. Evolutionary Programming (EP) optimization technique is recently applied in solving electric power system optimization problems. It is part of the Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) optimization techniques under the artificial intelligence hierarchy. Optimization is an important issue in power system operation and planning particularly in the area of voltage stability studies [9]. In this study, EP engine was initially developed to implement the optimisation process considering two mutation techniques, each with two different objective functions. Comparative studies performed in this study aimed to identify the most suitabl e mutation technique with the best objective function for minimising transmission loss in power system and also improving the voltage stability. The parameters for this problem are: generated reactive power (Qg), injected reactive power (Qinj) and transformer tap (T). Validation on the effectiveness of the proposed technique was conducted on the IEEE-26 reliability test system. Figure 1: The IEEE 26 bus test system II. OBJECTIVES The two objective functions of this study are: To obtain the total loss minimization To improve the voltage stability Where: Total_Loss is total loss minimization LQNmax is voltage stability improvement III. BACKGROUND STUDIES A. Optimal Reactive Power Planning (ORPP) Optimal Reactive Power Planning (ORPP) is a sub-problem of Optimal Power Flow solution which has been widely used in power system operation and planning to determine the optimal control parameter settings, in order to minimize or maximize the desired objective function while satisfying a set of systems constraint. Reactive Power Planning (RPP) involves in optimizing the transformer tap setting, injection of reactive power at generator and load bus so as to fulfill the objective function. Since the OPF approach is commonly concerned with the security and economic operation of the power system, Economic Dispatch (ED) technique is also adopted in RPP scheme. The value of active power generated by the generator is also adjusted in the approach. [11] ORPP is a nonlinear programming problem which has the following mathematical formulation: Maximize or minimize f(x, u) (3) subject to g(x, u) =0 (4) hmin à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ h(x, u) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ hmax (5) where u is the vector of control variables and x is the vector of dependent variables. f(x, u) is the objective function, while g(x, u) is the nodal power constraints with hmin à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ h(x, u) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ hmax are the inequality constraints of the dependent and independent variables. B. Evolutionary Programming (EP) EP is one of the popular techniques which fall under the Evolutionary Computation in Artificial Intelligence (AI) hierarchy and increasingly applied for solving power system optimization problem in recent years. A new population is formed from an existing population through the use of a mutation operator. This operator produces a new solution by perturbing each component of an existing solution by a random amount. The degree of optimality is measured by the fitness, which can be defined as the objective function of the problem [12]. Through the use of a ranking scheme, the candidate solutions in each population were sorted in ascending order according to the number of the best population. The best population form a resultant population is referred as the next generation. The ranking scheme must have more optimal solutions which has a greater chance of survival than the poorer solutions. It is a stochastic optimization strategy, which based on the mechanics of natural selections-mutation, competition and evolution. This technique stressed on the behavioural linkage between parents and their offspring. In general, EP consists of 3 major steps which briefly discussed as follow [12], [13]: i. Initialization The initial population of ÃŽÂ ¼ individuals consists of (xi, ÆÅ ¾i), ˆ¦i à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ {1, 2,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼} are generated randomly based on its limit, whereby xi denotes the control variable and ÆÅ ¾i is the strategic parameter with respect to xi. The fitness is calculated for each individual based on its objective function, f(xi). ii. Mutation a) First Mutation Technique Each parent (xi, ÆÅ ¾i), i=1,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, ÃŽÂ ¼, creates a single offspring (xi, ÆÅ ¾i), where xi and ÆÅ ¾i are given by: xi (j) = xi (j) + ÆÅ ¾i (j) Nj (0, 1) (6) ÆÅ ¾i (j) = ÆÅ ¾i (j) exp (à Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ N (0, 1) + à Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ Nj (0, 1)) (7) and à Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ = ((2(n)  ½)  ½)-1 (8) à Ã¢â‚¬Å¾= ((2n)  ½)-1 (9) xi (j), xi'(j), ÆÅ ¾i(j) and ÆÅ ¾i'(j) are the j-th component of the vectors xi, xi, ÆÅ ¾i and ÆÅ ¾i respectively. N(0,1) represents a normally distributed one-dimensional random number with mean zero and standard deviation 1. Nj(0,1) denotes that the random number is generated anew for each value of j. Subsequently, the fitness is calculated for each offspring. b) Proposed Mutation Technique The proposed mutation rule was inspired by neural network back propagation learning. The following three equations are employed for perturbing the parents to generate their offspring: In these equations, xij [k] [k] is the jth variable of an ith individual at the kth generation. The learning rate, ÆÅ ¾, and the momentum rate, ÃŽÂ ±, are real-valued constants that are determined empirically. |.| denotes an absolute value and N represents the normal distribution. Άxij [k] is the amount of change in an individual, which is proportional to the temporal error, and it drives the individual to evolve close to the best individual at the next generation. It may be viewed as a tendency of the other individuals to take after or emulate the best individual in the current generation. sxij [k] is the evolution tendency or momentum of previous evolution. It accumulates evolution information and tends to accelerate convergence when the evolution trajectory is moving in a consistent direction [14]. The best individual is mutated only by the momentum. This expands the exploitation range and increases the possibility for escaping from local minima. acci[k] in (10) is defined as follows. acci[k] = 1; if the current update has improved cost, 0; otherwise. (10) iii. Combination and Selection In combination stage, the union of parents and offspring are ranked in ascending or descending order according to its fitness and purpose of the optimisation. Hence, the top ÃŽÂ ¼ individuals are selected to be parents for the next generation. The process of mutation, combination and selection are repeated until the stopping criterion is met. In this paper, the stopping criterion is taken to be the convergence of fitness value. IV. METHODOLOGY Figure 3 explained the overall methodology for the evolutionary programming optimization technique to solve ORPP. The produced offspring vector must satisfy and consider the constraints as at the initialization. The main concept of EP is the mutation process. Then continues with learning about the MATLAB software and tested the IEEE 26-Bus Test System to observe initial values which are total power loss, initial minimum and maximum voltages and the initial line stability index (LQP LQN). These initial values have been taken by considering the unstable transmission lines in the test system (IEEE 26-BUS). The unstable line means the line stability index value is close to 1.00. The unstable voltage is when the value is not within the range of (0.90à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤Và ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤1.10). Figure 3: The flow chart for the EP optimization technique The EP program was developed and the analysis of the result is tested based on objective function of the project such as minimize total loss and the voltage stability improvement. Then, the program has been run for five times for each type of objective function. Finally, this project has been concluded and the report has been written. A. Development of EP for Optimal Reactive Power Planning The optimal reactive power planning problems has been tested on the IEEE 26 bus test system. The two objective functions tested are: Fitness1 = Total_Loss; Fitness2 = LQNmax; To find the solution of the problem, the parameters d were decided. The parameters were: Reactive Power of Generator Bus Table 1 shows the parameters and size of reactive power of generation bus. There are five generator buses in IEEE 26-bus test system: Bus 2, 3, 4, 5 and 26. The size of each bus is as below. Table 1: Parameters and size of reactive power of generator bus Parameter Bus Size (MVar) Qg2 2 0 to 50 Qg3 3 0 to 40 Qg4 4 0 to 35 Qg5 5 0 to 30 Qg26 26 0 to 20 2. Injected Reactive Power to the Bus Table 2 shows the parameters and size of injected reactive power to the bus. It shows that there is nine buses have been injected by reactive power. The buses are as below. The unit of the injected reactive power is in MVar. Table 2: Parameters and size of injected reactive power to the bus Parameter Bus Size (MVar) C1 1 0 to 9 C4 4 0 to 9 C5 5 0 to 9 C6 6 0 to 9 C9 9 0 to 9 C11 11 0 to 9 C12 12 0 to 9 C15 15 0 to 9 C19 19 0 to 9 3. Transformer Tap at the Transmission Line Table 3 shows the parameters and size of transformer tap at transmission line. It shows that there is seven transformer tap change at transmission line in IEEE 26-bus test system. The size of each transformer tap is (0.9 to 1.2). Table 3: Parameters and size of transformer tap at the transmission line Parameter Line Size (p.u) T1 2-3 0.9 to 1.2 T2 2-13 0.9 to 1.2 T3 3-13 0.9 to 1.2 T4 4-8 0.9 to 1.2 T5 4-12 0.9 to 1.2 T6 6-19 0.9 to 1.2 T7 7-9 0.9 to 1.2 The EP process is initialization, mutation, rank and selection and convergence test. 4.1.1 Initialization Initial population of size 20 is formed by a set of randomly generated actual value. Each member is tested using equation (12) (17) as below. Equations (12) (16) are the generation constraints. The bus voltage limits in equation (17) are stated in order to avoid any violation to the system operation. The total loss limit in equation (18) is stated in order to avoid the losses greater than the initial values. 0MVar à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ Qg2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 50MVar (12) 0MVar à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ Qg3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 40MVar (13) 0MVar à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ Qg4 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 35MVar (14) 0MVar à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ Qg5 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 30MVar (15) 0MVar à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ Qg26 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 20MVar (16) 0.90V à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Và ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 1.10V (17) Total Losses à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 16 (18) The generated random numbers must be smaller than the initial solution set in order to make sure that fitness will be improved. Only the member that satisfy the constraints are included in the initial population set. 4.1.2 Mutation Mutation is a method to execute the random number to produce offspring. An offspring vector Li is created from each parent vector by adding Gaussian random with zero mean and standard deviation. 4.1.3 Rank and Selection The offspring populations generated form mutation process is merged with the parent populations. The selection process is to generate a new 20 populations based on the objective function of total losses minimization and the voltage stability improvement. All of members were sorted in ascending order to produce the best twenty or the strongest twenty populations for next generation. 4.1.4 Convergence test The stopping criteria in order to obtain the optimal solution are by looking at the difference in maximum fitness and minimum fitness which must less then certain values. If not achieved, the process will be repeated until it converged. Where: Total_Lossmax- Total_Lossmin LQNmax LQNmin V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION An EP optimization technique has been developed in this study and tested on IEEE 26-bus test system. The objective function is to minimize the total power loss and to improve the voltage stability in power system. The program has been developed to find the optimal value of control variables based on each objective functions. However, before this program was run, load flow solution for the IEEE 26-bus test system was obtained to determine the initial values. The initial total power loss and stability index is 18.986 MW and 0.754 respectively. For each objective function the program was run five times and the results were tabulated in tables according to the objective function. Then the best result for each objective function was selected and tabulated in Table 1 in the Appendix A in order to make a comparison between the two objective functions. According to the result which tabulated in Table 1 in the Appendix A, it was found that EP optimization technique with voltage stability improvement as the objective function give the best result which is total power loss of 14.462 MW and stability index of 0.717. The EP optimization technique with total power loss minimization as the objective function give results 14.987 MW. The EP optimization technique using proposed mutation rule with voltage stability improvement as objective function, the result MW and for the total power loss and stability index respectively. According Table 4, the total power loss and stability index is 15.534 MW and 0.734 respectively. The result after solve the Optimal Reactive Power Planning (ORPP) is 13.019 MW and 0.699. The percentage reduction for total power loss and stability index after solves the ORPP is 16.19 % and 4.77 %. Table 4: Comparison results before and after solves the Optimal Reactive Power Planning Terms Before Solve ORPP After Solve ORPP Total Power Loss (MW) 15.534 13.019 Stability Index, LQNmax 0.734 0.699 VI. CONCLUSION An evolutionary programming optimization technique has been developed to optimize the real power of generator bus, the reactive power and transformer tap control variables for minimal total cost of generation, total power loss and voltage stability improvement. In this paper, the total cost minimization is the best objective function for minimization of total cost, total power loss and stability index is reduced. The percentage reduction for the total cost and total power loss is acceptable. The percentage reduction of stability index is the highest. The percentage reduces for the total cost, total power loss and stability index is 7.77 %, 16.19 % and 4.77 % respectively. This is the acceptable and reasonable percentage reduction as compared to other objective functions. Therefore voltage stability improvement may not have to be the objective function in order to improve the voltage stability condition of a power system in solving the OPF. VII. FUTURE DEVELOPMENT For future development, the other optimization techniques are proposed to be implemented in solving the ORPP in order to minimize the total power system losses and especially to improve the voltage stability in larger power system. Further modification should be included to get more accurate results for example using different mutation rules and selection strategies. VIII. REFERENCES [1] Kwang. Y. Lee and Frank F. Yang Department of Electrical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, Optimal Reactive Power Planning Using Evolutionalry Algorithms: A Comparative Study for Evolutionary Programming, Evolutionary Strategy, Genetic Algorithm, and Linear Programming; IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 13, No. 1, February 1998 [2] R. Billington and S. S. Sachdev, Optimum network VAR planning by nonlinear programming IEEE Trans. on Power Appar. and Syst., Vol. PAS-92, pp. 6 [3] T. Heydt and W. M. Grady, Optimal Var siting using linear load flow formulation, IEEE Trans. on Power Appar. and Syst., pp. 1214-1222. Vol. PAS-102, No. 5, May 1983. [3] K. Aoki, M. Fan, and A. Nishkori, Optimal Var planning by approximation method for recursive mixed integer linear planning, IEEE Trans. on Power Syst.,Vol. PWRS-3, No. 4, pp. 1741-1747, November 1988. [4] K. Y. Lee, Y. M. Park, and J. L. Oritz, A united approach to optimal real and reactive power dispatch, IEEE Trans. on Power Appar. and Syst., Vol. PAS-104, pp. 1147-1153, May 1985. [SI K. Y. Lee, J. L. Ortiz, Y. M. Park, andL. G. Pond, An optimization technique for reactive power planning of subtransmission network under normal operation, IEEE Trans. on Power Syst., Vol. PWRS-1, pp. 153-159, May 1986. [6] M. K. Mangoli, K. Y. Lee, and Y. M. Park, Operational real and reactive power control using linear programming, Electric Power Systems Research,[7] M. K. Mangoli, K. Y. Lee, andY. M. Park, Optimal long-term reactive power planning using decomposition techniques, Electric Power System Research, Vol. 26, Rana Mukerji, Wendell Neugebauer, Richard P. Ludorf and Armand Catelli, Evaluation of Wheeling and Non-Utility Generation (NUG) Options using Optimal Power Flows, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, Vol. 7, No. 1, February 1992. [3] Kessel and Glavitsch> Estimating the Voltage Stability of a Power System, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. PWRD-1, NO. 3, July 1986, pp 346-352. [4] Jason Yuryevich and Kit Po Wong, Evolutionary Programming Based Optimal Power Flow Algorithm, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, Vol. 14, No. 4, November 1999, pp 1245-1250. [5] A.M. Chebbo, M.R. Irving. M.J.H Collapse Proximity Indicator: Behaviour and Implications, IEE Proceedings -C, Vol. 139, No. 3, May 1992. [6] Mahmoud Moghavvemi, New Method for Indicating Voltage Stability Condition in Power System, Proceedings of IEE International Power Engineering Conference, IPEC97, Singapore, pp. 223-227. [7] Jason Yuryevich, Student Member IEEE, Evolutionary Programming Based Optimal Power Flow Algorithm, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 14, No. 4, November 1999. [8] Salami, M. and Cain, G., Multiple Genetic Algorithm Processor for The Economic Power Dispatch Problem, Proceeding of the genetic algorithm in engineering systems: Innovations and Applications, Conference Publication No. 414, IEE, 1995, pp 188-193. [9] I Musirin and T K Abdul Rahman, On-Line Voltage Stability Index for Voltage Collapse Prediction in Power System, presented at Brunei International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2001 (BICET2001), Brunei. October 2001. [10] Toro, V.D., Electric Power System, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1992. [11] Whats Evolutionary Programming, http://www.faqs.org/faqs/ai-faq/genetic/part2/section-3.html. [12] Leandro Nunes de Castro and Fernando Jose Von Zuben, Artificial Immune System:Part 1- Basic Theory and Applications, Technical report TR-DCA 01/99. 1999. [13] Slobodan Pajic, Dr Kevin A. Clements, Dr. Paul W. Davis and Dr Alexander E. Emanuel, Sequential Quadratic Programming Base Contingency Constraint Optimal Power Flow, Degree of Master of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, April, 29 2003. [14] Fogel , D.B. : A comparison of evolutionary programming and genetic algorithms on selected constrained optimization problems, Simulation, June,1995,pp.397-404. [15] Yao, X., Liu, Y. and Lin, G., (1999) Evolutionary programming made faster, IEEE Trans. Evolutionary Computation. vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 82-102. [16] Miller, R.H. and Malinnowski, J.H., Power System Operation, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994. Appendix A Table 1: Results of EP Optimization Technique Objective Function Control Variables/ Parameters of OPF Total Cost ($/h) Total Power Loss (MW) Stability Index, LQNmax Time Taken (s) Real Power of Generator Bus (MW) Injected Reactive Power (Mvar) Transformer Tap (p.u) Pg2 Pg3 Pg4 Pg5 Pg26 C1 C4 C5 C6 C9 C11 C12 C15 C19 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 Total Power Loss Minimization 163.12 281.14 146.07 147.94 92.11 5.95 4.79 0.39 5.39 5.23 1.40 4.23 5.43 3.83 0.96 0.99 1.04 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.91 15449.1 12.132 0.767 11843 Voltage Stability Improvement 110.35 287.28 128.95 163.42 97.14 1.24 1.28 2.36 1.05 2.58 0.76 4.50 2.19 2.39 0.94 1.00 0.96 1.11 1.05 0.90 0.98 15523.1 14.461 0.713 6358

Integrity: Morality Essay

The definition of integrity is vague and rather open ended. Morals are the premise for all perceptions of integrity and should be further explored to better understand the cloudiness behind integrity. Morals are the standing personal ideas of what basic fibers construct all decisions, right or wrong. But morals are personal, and ever changing, never exactly the same person to person. For example, the Ten Commandments, implemented on primitive people for thousands of years attempted to instill basic morality into barbaric people who, with the fear of a higher power, abided. The late George Carlin summarized these ten into a basic 4. Don’t lie, cheat, steal, or kill. Now, in a civilized world, in a country that defines social civility, these 4 seem easy and almost givens. But, in third world countries where life is not easy, and everyday is eat or be eaten, morals are far less important. Millions, everyday, commit all four acts without hesitation. Morals are expendable when survival lies in the balance. Survival, of what? Survival of life, survival of an idea, survival of a relationship? Millions have killed millions because they thought their agenda was more prevalent, or their god justified it, or because they needed to in order to fulfill the instinctual desire to live at all costs. In no way am I saying that ethics should be readily broken for personal gain, but the principles that so many try to live by aren’t as universally important as they seem. I truly believe that if you are not living for other people, you are not truely living. Relationships mean everything. Its not just the way you treat family, or your friends, its everyone. I treat people how I would want to be treated and give respect where respect is due. My morals are much more diverse then just don’t lie, steal, cheat, or kill . My morals are reflective of today’s day and age, not as dated and black n’ white as those four. My morals are competitive, like our present society. I never intend to hurt anyone, and my actions are far from malicious, but if the survival of something I hold close lies in the balance, I am willing to bend my moral code in order to ensure the continued existence of what I view jeopardized. I stand by what I believe; those are my morals. Live for others, but never forget who is left at the end of the day. I’ve always viewed integrity as personal. Its how you a carry yourself. Its how you act when no one is watching. But, this is all personal. I don’t let other people dictate my integrity, I let my actions speak, and I ask myself at the end of the day, if I acted like the man I want to be. Many days, when I reflect on myself, I realize I haven’t been. And this is life, improving day to day so you never repeat mistakes.

Crime in Society

Crime is something that is within our world every day. If you were to ask people just walking down the street how they would describe a criminal, most would probably speak of the street criminals. Many people do not pay attention to the white collar crimes or the crimes that are not happening around the area that the live in. Crime to me is something that someone does to break a law. Crime is basically something someone would do if they had lost their job and could not take care of their family.They would fend or what they could get, even if it meant break a law or committing a crime. These people would feel as if there was nothing else out there. Society has the options to view crime as they will. Some will define crime as everything is bad if they are breaking a law, they should be punished. Others would define it to be light for some criminals that have punishments and for crimes like murder some would consider this crime is a death penalty case in some societies. Someone can defi ne crime with any of their opinions.Many people define crime as murder, robbery, or even damage to someone else’s property. Many people would consider these crimes to be punishable by law. An accurate statement and crime that we know to be true would be the shooting that happened this year at the movie theater in Colorado. We know that this crime is true because he had guns and ammo hidden within the theater before the incident occurred. Also, that he killed twelve people and injured more than fifty would be another way to show that it is true.It was well planned and thought out for what he was doing and when he was going to do it. There was also eye witnesses that said he looked ready for way. This was one of the deadliest mass shootings in the United States history to date. After they was finished at the scene of the crime, the cops decided to visit his home, in which to find it booby-trapped and found more guns and ammo. One widely misconception that many people have in th e world is that finding someone to pic the crime on is the only thing that the police are worried about when solving a case.This misconception has many mixed feelings throughout the world. My opinion is that as long as they have someone to call a suspect or someone to pin the crime on, they do not care. Another would be that our judicial system is fair to everyone. This statement can be very broad because many things affect the way our system is operated. One last misconception that we have today within the world would be that the death penalty is wanted by everyone. Defenders of the death enalty also suggest that it is a cost-effective way to eliminate the added expense of housing serious criminals in prison for life (Collica & Furst, 2012). Many people with the thoughts of the death penalty have mixed thoughts. Many people share the same feelings I share meaning, I do not think that they should be trying to enforce the death penalty until they fix the corrections within the system s and know that for one hundred percent fact they have the person that committed the crime.Other proponents argue that the execution of the offender will bring closure and will allow survivors to move on with their lives (Armour & Umbreit, 2007; Gross & Matheson, 2003). â€Å"Killing innocents is murder, and if the state does it in our name, because we have demanded it, then we are guilty of it. And if we are all guilty of premeditated murder, then we should all get the death penalty (that is one instance where crime will certainly drop dramatically)† (Leman-Langlois). References:Leman-Langlois, S. , Crime ET Regulations in Society. Retrieved on October 22, 2012 from http://www. crime-reg. com/index. htm Armour, M. P. , & Umbreit, M. S. (2007). The ultimate penal sanction and closure for survivors of homicide victims. Marquette Law Review, 91, 381–424. Gross, S. R. , & Matheson, D. J. (2003). What they say at the end: Capital victims' families and the press. Cornell La w Review, 88, 486–516. Collica, K. & Furst, G. (2012). Crime & Society. San Diego, CA:Bridgepoint Education

Free Essays on The Slave Trade

At the end of the 14th century Europeans started to take people from Africa against their will. Initially they were mainly used as servants for the rich. The Europeans justified the taking of slaves by arguing that they were providing an opportunity for Africans to become Christians. By the 17th century the removal of slaves from Africa became a holy cause that had the full support of the Christian Church. When Spanish and Portuguese sea-captains began to explore the Americas they took their African servants with them. Some of these Africans proved to be excellent explorers. The most important of these was Estevanico, who led the first European expedition to New Mexico and Arizona. The people living in the Americas resisted the attempt by the Europeans to take over their land. One of he most important struggles took place in Cuba in 1512. The Cubans, led by Chief Hatuey, were eventually defeated by the superior weapons of the Spanish. It is estimated that over a million people lived in Cuba before the arrival of the Europeans. Twenty-five years later there were only 2,000 left. Large numbers had been killed, while others died of starvation, disease, committed suicide or had died from the consequences of being forced to work long hours in the gold mines. After the arrival of the Europeans there was a sharp decline in the local population of most of the islands in the Caribbean Sea. This created a problem for the Europeans as they needed labour to exploit the natural resources of these islands. Eventually the Europeans came up with a solution: the importation of slaves from Africa. By 1540, an estimated 10,000 slaves a year were being brought from Africa to replace the diminishing local populations. British merchants became involved in the trade and eventually dominated the market. They built coastal forts in Africa where they kept the captured Africans until the arrival of the slave-ships. The merchants obtained the s... Free Essays on The Slave Trade Free Essays on The Slave Trade At the end of the 14th century Europeans started to take people from Africa against their will. Initially they were mainly used as servants for the rich. The Europeans justified the taking of slaves by arguing that they were providing an opportunity for Africans to become Christians. By the 17th century the removal of slaves from Africa became a holy cause that had the full support of the Christian Church. When Spanish and Portuguese sea-captains began to explore the Americas they took their African servants with them. Some of these Africans proved to be excellent explorers. The most important of these was Estevanico, who led the first European expedition to New Mexico and Arizona. The people living in the Americas resisted the attempt by the Europeans to take over their land. One of he most important struggles took place in Cuba in 1512. The Cubans, led by Chief Hatuey, were eventually defeated by the superior weapons of the Spanish. It is estimated that over a million people lived in Cuba before the arrival of the Europeans. Twenty-five years later there were only 2,000 left. Large numbers had been killed, while others died of starvation, disease, committed suicide or had died from the consequences of being forced to work long hours in the gold mines. After the arrival of the Europeans there was a sharp decline in the local population of most of the islands in the Caribbean Sea. This created a problem for the Europeans as they needed labour to exploit the natural resources of these islands. Eventually the Europeans came up with a solution: the importation of slaves from Africa. By 1540, an estimated 10,000 slaves a year were being brought from Africa to replace the diminishing local populations. British merchants became involved in the trade and eventually dominated the market. They built coastal forts in Africa where they kept the captured Africans until the arrival of the slave-ships. The merchants obtained the s...

Sandras Fantasy Professor Ramos Blog

Sandras Fantasy Many artists use their personal lives and experiences they face in order to draw inspiration as well as create art that can only come from within. In the story Never marry a mexican it follows the character Clemencia a young student who falls in love with her teacher who is married yet it leads to a darker turn. When she starts to feel the power she has from within herself to control different aspects in his life and soon starts to obsess over this new found energy. However to the people who have analyzed this character all seem to have the same answer as to why it may be that Clemencia is the way she is. Yet it is never brought up how the author herself can have a direct tie in with the character development placing some of her personal life experiences that are escalated into a dark creative art piece. In this we explain how Sandra Cisneros creative ability to develop this character by not only adding in her our life but in helping us understand the bigger picture of real life prob lems that are presented in a beautiful piece of art. In order to truly understand why Clemencia is the way she is we have to look at the author herself to get a full understanding of why she made this character the way she is. Besides just an author Cisneros dabbles in many different forms of work from poetry, activism, and painting. These play an important part as certain aspects of her life leak into her stories and Clemencia herself. One example of this is from a section of the book in which the author says â€Å"I admit, there was a time when all I wanted was to belong to a man. To wear that gold band on my left hand and be worn on his arm like an expensive jewel brilliant in the light of day.† (Cisneros51). This plays a very crucial role due to the fact the in real life Sandra is not married nor does she have any romantic relationships and appears she would rather be alone. With that being said Sandra may not want a relationship in real life just as the character does not as well in the story but she turns it into a more in teresting read by making it so that Clemica is an over exaggerated version of herself. This opening scene is just one of the many that Cisneros continues to show this fantasy version of herself. Now in the story the author could have chosen any occupation for the young Clemencia to be but she plays out the character to be a substitute teacher who has a strong passion for art. In one scene she talks about how she loves to paint day and night as well as considers the jobs to be compared to prositutuion. She also mentions in that sense that rich people love her creativity and buy their artwork at her exhibitions. It even states in one article that â€Å"Now, the coming-of-age novel – an important contribution to Chicana feminist literature – has also inspired an art exhibit at the National Hispanic Cultural Center in Albuquerque†.(Gonzalez, Carolina Dalia,remeclza.com) . To further help you understand this its almost as Sandra is giving us the more relatable things about herself before driving into the more darker and fictional side side of her. Furthermore Clemencia goes on to talk about buying an apartment with her sister as well as it states in the book that â€Å"Im a person who doesnt belong to any class†.(cisneros55) . As I said prior the author is very well known author and is also recognized for her arts. This shows a direct simile to the character clemencia shes not rich nor poor which in my interpetions means that both the author and the character both share traits of being an artist as well as living very simple kickback life styles . To further back up this claim it also good to note that Cisneros has the funds to be able to live a very fancy lifestyle but just like the book she decides not to and would rather spend her time in her house in mexico.(â€Å"Sandra Cisneros.† Sandra Cisneros, sandracisneros.com/0.) With her involvement in activities sandra is also known to be a femminist which means she believes in equal rights for women so that men and women are on the same level. Thought the stories in her book they all seem to start with a very young girl being taken advantage of or treated horribly by the men in their lives. Now relating back to the story Clemencia appears to have power over Drew and her ability to make him do whatever she feels free too. This could have a big connection to Cisneros personal live in which in her real life she feels women are still dominated in a mans world and the story is her own way of expressing that anger. In order to drive the nail in the coffin there is a statistic of womens labor force in 2024 for hispanc women and it states that in 2024 there will only be 8.4 percent of hispacinc women in the labor force.(U.S Department of Labor.gov). With shocking statistics like that we could see why she would use her stories as a way to vent and get the challeng ing frustration of the problems women face on a daily basis. Through Clemica she is able to fantasize aspects of the women dominating the mans life and even in the process destroying other womens lives. They say art is a replication of life in which we like to use our personal lives and experiences to create art thats different than another. Thats what makes art so beautiful everyone has a different interpretation on it and brings people together to further discuss it. Now the majority of people will say that its just a fictional story and its just the authors way of entertaining the people while telling the truth. While yes I do believe to some extent it does have some entertainment aspect but more so of the author telling us her experience through means of creative storytelling and eventually coming to a life lesson. Regardless artists have inspiration and to me there is always some truth in all fiction. Works cited â€Å"U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR.† Women of Working Age, Data and Stats, Womens Bureau, U.S. Department of Labor, dol.gov/wb/stats/NEWSTATS/latest/demographics.htm#EduLF. Gonzalez, Carolina Dalia. â€Å"Sandra Cisneros Classic Chicana Novel The House on Mango Street Inspired This Art Exhibit.† Remezcla, remezcla.com/lists/culture/sandra-cisneros-the-house-on-mango-street-exhibit/. Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories. Paw Prints, 2008. â€Å"Sandra Cisneros.† Sandra Cisneros, sandracisneros.com/.

Leadership theory and practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership theory and practice - Essay Example The essay also seeks to discuss and evaluate the leadership exercised by Anna Bligh during the 2011 flood crisis in Queensland. The analysis will also seek to explore how leadership theories are related to theoretical concepts in the study of motivation, communication and attitudes, and how Anna Bligh’s leadership style has incorporated these aspects. As a point of departure, it is imperative to begin by defining the term leadership in order to gain a clear understanding of the whole concept. Basically, leadership is defined as the social process of influencing people to work voluntarily and persistently towards the attainment of the group or organisational goal (Kuper, 2006). Of notable concern is that leadership may not be restricted to formal position since any person can influence the others towards the achievement of certain goals. The concept of leadership mainly draws from trait and behavioral theories. Trait theories suggest that leaders are born. However, this theory has been challenged by different critics given that any person can be a leader if given the opportunity since leadership is mainly concerned with influencing the behaviour of others. As such, the aspect of behaviour plays a pivotal role in as much as leadership is concerned where there is need for the leaders to appeal to the people to behave in a certain way for the benefit of the group or organisation. The contemporary approach to leadership proposes a principle centered rather than personality based leadership (Schultz, 2003). The leader serves as a role model to his or her followers and encourages similar values in them. As such, leadership research has changed focus from trait to behaviour approach to leadership. Behavioral theories posit to the effect that there are certain behaviours that are supposed to be displayed by the leaders in order for them to be effective in influencing other members of the group towards the attainment of a common goal. Highly influential studies of leadership were conducted at Ohio State University and the University of Michigan. Recent studies in leadership are attributed to the findings of these studies. Thus, the following section of the essay is going to focus on discussing the similarities and differences between these two studies on behavioral leadership and how contingency theories of leadership have developed from these studies. The research that was conducted at Ohio State University sought to identify independent dimensions of leader behaviour. The two dimensions they came up with are called initiating structure and consideration (Robbins, 2003). Initiating structure refers to the extent to which the leader is likely to define the structure of his or her role and those of the employees in search for goal attainment. This is also concerned with behaviour that attempts to organize work and work relationships and the leader is mainly concerned with assigning tasks and ensuring that workers maintain standards of perform ance towards the achievement of organisational goals. The other dimension is consideration which is described as the extent to which the person is likely to have work relations that are characterized by mutual trust, respect of employees’ ideas and feelings. In other words, the leader shows concern for the well being of the employees where their grievances are taken into consideration as a way of

Medical Malpractice Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Medical Malpractice - Case Study Example Because we conclude that it is, we reverse and remand. A certain Doris Penrod filed an appeal to the court from a take nothing judgment in favor of David R. Schecter based from a medical malpractice claim. It was in August 2003 that she took her grandmother to a cataract surgery with Dr. Schecter. During the injection process, a small retrobullar hemorrhage occurred that can potentially cause damage to the optic nerve, if there is continued bleeding. After 15 minutes of observation, the RBH did not change; also, there were no swellings in the eyelids, no proptosis and eye discoloration. However, despite these, the surgery was cancelled to prevent any further complications. An eye patch was placed on the observed eye and the patient was discharged, yet after 25 minutes redness was observed around the patch and a large hemorrhage occurred around the eye. Immediately that afternoon, Jessica (Doris Penrod’s granddaughter) called Dr. Schecter (as advised by the doctor himself) but he refused to get the call and at the same time failed Tyenol 3 to the patient, otherwise Dr. Schecter could easily tell them to bring the patient to the hospital. The following day, a visit was paid by both Jessica and Penrod to Dr. Schecter and it was determined that the damaged eye have no vision, though it was able to perceive light. A week later, no vision was still present and the same situation continued until three weeks. Dr. Scheter advised them to see Dr. Roy Levit (a specialist) and it as found out that there was not muscular or retinal damage but a severe ischemic atrophy was diagnosed. Dr, Levit pointed out that the possible cause of this damage is the toxicity from the injection. The jury found out that the negligence of Dr. Schecter was not the proximate cause. Penrod on the other hand filed the complaint together with new and independent cause based that the proximate cause instructions was erroneous. Dr, Schecter pointed out that the error presented by the

Computer Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Computer Networks - Essay Example The larger firms have their own computers connected in the topology suiting best to their requirements. They choose for themselves from the different options available like bus, ring, star, mesh and the like. The protocols used for the data transfer stays to be the same. We take the example of the call center, as they require a large number of computers for providing online support to a large number of people utilizing the services provided by the firm. The protocols used for the data transfer are standard and are generated utilizing the international standards for communication languages. The call center backbone should be strong enough so as to meet the pressing requirements of online support to millions of users staying far and wide and utilizing the services of the organizations. The critical issue in the call center stays to be that the information and the calls need to be routed to the lines which are free at that very moment and these lines should be relieved back to the pool when they are no more used. Next, the information needs to be collected in the central database so as to store the information and personal details about the scheme offered to the clients and their personal information too. The financial system at the back needs to be connected to the front end Customer relationship and maintenance software package, so that the information updated by the CRM department directly gets recorded in the back end ERP system. This saves a considerable amount of time and effort by eradicating the factor for double data entry in both the front end and the back end. For this the cutting edge technology is utilized to develop new softwares and other data integration and migration utilities which connect both the financial system as well as the front end CRM. Next important factor is to maintain the connectivity of the database with the financial system, so as to maintain the records in the system and all the information in a systematic format following the specific schema. The topology preferred for the call center is the bus topology wherein several computers need to be bifurcated in the form of branches from the central bus which is stronger enough to provide the connectivity to a wide number of computers. The chief advantage of the bus topology stays to be that the network is never disconnected even if a single computer is not upright in the channel i.e. it doesn't affect the connectivity of the other computers connected together in the firm. [Computer Networks] The connection stays to be the same for the complete network of the organization as well as the subnet of it. All the smaller subnets are connected with each other via an instrument called a router which routes the call to the desired departments within the organization. These routers and the gateways are the interconnecting devices which can be either active or passive depending on the amount of the power they consume. This connecting device helps in connecting and forming a bigger network. The whole network is protected with the firewalls so as to maintain the security and integrity of the system. The protocols for the network stay to be the same whether it is a small firm or a large wide area network. The protocol used for the call ce

Globalization process Essay Example for Free

Globalization process Essay Due to the emergence of globalization process, many changes are taking place within the mainstream business activity. As the organizations becoming to more and more globalized, the need to have a uniform set of international standards is strongly felt. This argument is based on the fact that since organizations are becoming global and have to face the different legal as well as cultural environments therefore in a bid to reduce the bottlenecks for the international firms as well as creating a uniform set of accounting rules and regulations, it is critical that a convergence shall be made to the international accounting standards so that a uniformity can be achieved. The experience of EU and Canada has been successful so as those of other countries who are making a transition to the international accounting standards. This experience is also considered as a strong signal for the US to adapt to the new standards because it is connected with the global world. The complexities of the international trade have led much international business to remove the conflict between the different standards in place and as such the effort from the US is one of the attempts to converge to the International standards to achieve the desired results. However, it is also critical to note that many argue that such transition will be costly for the American firms because an earlier transition to Sarbanes Oxley has been a costly proposition for the many companies and most of them may be reluctant to adapt to the new standards. The costs, however, may be relatively high but the added benefits which US firms may enjoy after this convergence may greatly outweigh the benefits. The uniformity of the standards will allow international firms, especially to be more flexible and support the initiatives taken by the Security and Exchange Commission to make a phased transition to the adaptation of the IFRS. The process of this convergence can be difficult to assess as it is a phased process however, given the fact that more than 85 countries have adapted the IFRS itself indicate that more and more countries are now willing to adapt to the international standards in order to facilitate the businesses to adapt a uniform set of standards. Such large scale adaptation of the standards however, also creates cultural as well language problems as the correct and accurate interpretation of the standards itself is an issue to deal with. Language and culture therefore are two of the potential impediments which can restrict the true applicability of the standards even if the standards are fully implemented and adapted by the countries. If we assess the globalization of accounting standards with special reference to US, we will also come to know that few of the international firms in US have already adopted the standards for their foreign subsidiaries and as such this process may not be as complicated to them as they may perceive it. However, what is also critical to note that those firms which have only the domestic presence within the US market may find it difficult to cope with the increasing costs as well as adapting to the new standards? This will not only require investment into improving the skill level of the employees as well as would require additional funds to implement the new system.