Computer Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Computer Networks - Essay Example The larger firms have their own computers connected in the topology suiting best to their requirements. They choose for themselves from the different options available like bus, ring, star, mesh and the like. The protocols used for the data transfer stays to be the same. We take the example of the call center, as they require a large number of computers for providing online support to a large number of people utilizing the services provided by the firm. The protocols used for the data transfer are standard and are generated utilizing the international standards for communication languages. The call center backbone should be strong enough so as to meet the pressing requirements of online support to millions of users staying far and wide and utilizing the services of the organizations. The critical issue in the call center stays to be that the information and the calls need to be routed to the lines which are free at that very moment and these lines should be relieved back to the pool when they are no more used. Next, the information needs to be collected in the central database so as to store the information and personal details about the scheme offered to the clients and their personal information too. The financial system at the back needs to be connected to the front end Customer relationship and maintenance software package, so that the information updated by the CRM department directly gets recorded in the back end ERP system. This saves a considerable amount of time and effort by eradicating the factor for double data entry in both the front end and the back end. For this the cutting edge technology is utilized to develop new softwares and other data integration and migration utilities which connect both the financial system as well as the front end CRM. Next important factor is to maintain the connectivity of the database with the financial system, so as to maintain the records in the system and all the information in a systematic format following the specific schema. The topology preferred for the call center is the bus topology wherein several computers need to be bifurcated in the form of branches from the central bus which is stronger enough to provide the connectivity to a wide number of computers. The chief advantage of the bus topology stays to be that the network is never disconnected even if a single computer is not upright in the channel i.e. it doesn't affect the connectivity of the other computers connected together in the firm. [Computer Networks] The connection stays to be the same for the complete network of the organization as well as the subnet of it. All the smaller subnets are connected with each other via an instrument called a router which routes the call to the desired departments within the organization. These routers and the gateways are the interconnecting devices which can be either active or passive depending on the amount of the power they consume. This connecting device helps in connecting and forming a bigger network. The whole network is protected with the firewalls so as to maintain the security and integrity of the system. The protocols for the network stay to be the same whether it is a small firm or a large wide area network. The protocol used for the call ce

Globalization process Essay Example for Free

Globalization process Essay Due to the emergence of globalization process, many changes are taking place within the mainstream business activity. As the organizations becoming to more and more globalized, the need to have a uniform set of international standards is strongly felt. This argument is based on the fact that since organizations are becoming global and have to face the different legal as well as cultural environments therefore in a bid to reduce the bottlenecks for the international firms as well as creating a uniform set of accounting rules and regulations, it is critical that a convergence shall be made to the international accounting standards so that a uniformity can be achieved. The experience of EU and Canada has been successful so as those of other countries who are making a transition to the international accounting standards. This experience is also considered as a strong signal for the US to adapt to the new standards because it is connected with the global world. The complexities of the international trade have led much international business to remove the conflict between the different standards in place and as such the effort from the US is one of the attempts to converge to the International standards to achieve the desired results. However, it is also critical to note that many argue that such transition will be costly for the American firms because an earlier transition to Sarbanes Oxley has been a costly proposition for the many companies and most of them may be reluctant to adapt to the new standards. The costs, however, may be relatively high but the added benefits which US firms may enjoy after this convergence may greatly outweigh the benefits. The uniformity of the standards will allow international firms, especially to be more flexible and support the initiatives taken by the Security and Exchange Commission to make a phased transition to the adaptation of the IFRS. The process of this convergence can be difficult to assess as it is a phased process however, given the fact that more than 85 countries have adapted the IFRS itself indicate that more and more countries are now willing to adapt to the international standards in order to facilitate the businesses to adapt a uniform set of standards. Such large scale adaptation of the standards however, also creates cultural as well language problems as the correct and accurate interpretation of the standards itself is an issue to deal with. Language and culture therefore are two of the potential impediments which can restrict the true applicability of the standards even if the standards are fully implemented and adapted by the countries. If we assess the globalization of accounting standards with special reference to US, we will also come to know that few of the international firms in US have already adopted the standards for their foreign subsidiaries and as such this process may not be as complicated to them as they may perceive it. However, what is also critical to note that those firms which have only the domestic presence within the US market may find it difficult to cope with the increasing costs as well as adapting to the new standards? This will not only require investment into improving the skill level of the employees as well as would require additional funds to implement the new system.

John Pappajohn :: essays research papers

John Pappajohn was born July 31, 1928 in St. Luke's Greece to George and Maria Pappajohn. His father was a U.S. citizen and thus he is a U.S. citizen by birthright. He immigrated to the U.S. at the age of 9 months with his mother and they joined his father in Mason City. Iowa. In 1961, he married Mary L. Limberis of Minneapolis, Minnesota and the two of them have a daughter, Ann Pappajohn, who resides in New York. Mr. Pappajohn attended Mason City public schools and then attended the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, and received a bachelor's degree in business in 1952. Upon graduation from college, he started his own insurance business. In 1962, he moved to Des Moines and organized the Guardsman Life Insurance Company. He was Chairman of the Board of Guardsman Insurance from 1962 to 1969, at which time he sold his interest and dedicated himself full time to venture capital investments. He organized Equity Dynamics Inc. in 1969 and continues as its President today. He also organized Pappajohn Capital Resources (a venture capital fund) in 1969. Pappajohn Capital Resources is well known on Wall Street as a venture capital fund primarily investing in high tech, medical and healthcare projects. He has over 35 portfolio companies in his fund and has averaged over 68% annual return on investments for over 25 years. At the present time, he serves as director on the following company Boards: Radiologix, Inc., Dallas, TX PACE Health Systems Inc., Des Moines, IA Allion Healthcare, Inc., Huntington Station, NY Logisticare, Atlanta, GA Patient Infosystems, Inc., Rochester, NY MC Informatics, Inc., Irvine, CA. He has served as director in over 40 public companies and also serves as a director for many private companies. He is a member of many professional organizations including The Society of Financial Analysts, Association for Corporate Growth, National Association of Corporate Directors and the Association for Investment Management and Research. He was a Horatio Alger Award recipient in 1995 and serves as a member of the Board of Directors and on the Executive Committee for the Horatio Alger Association. He also is on the Board of Trustees for Anatolia College in Thessaloniki, Greece, the University of Iowa Foundation Board of Trustees, Iowa City, IA., and formerly a Trustee for Pine Manor College, Chestnut Hill, MA. He was named Iowa Business Leader of the Year in 1992 and was inducted into the Iowa Business Hall of Fame in 1996. He served as a member of the Advisory Board for the J.F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Washington, D.C. He was initially appointed by President Ronald Reagan and re-appointed by President George Bush.

Perfume Suskind

Interactive Oral: Debate Title: How was your understanding of cultural and contextual considerations of the work developed through the interactive oral? The setting of Perfume was crafted accordingly to author’s intention so that the main character would develop specific characterizations that will later on, lead him to make a decision whether to live or to die.Suskind does this by placing Grenouille, who has a keen sense of smell in the 18th century France and distinctively allowed the plot to develop and establish in a setting of a malodorous and a scent-conscious society, where people were obsessed with pleasurable scent and uses it distinguish themselves within the hierarchy. In addition, Suskind hinted that smell is depicted more than merely the ingredients of a perfume but could also be a resemblance as the scent of a person’s soul, thus he made a correlation between the existences of with the existence of a person’s soul.Hence in Perfume, scent has become the crucial factor in determining the human soul, the identity of oneself. Suskind also made a point where your own smell will give away your identity like the poor would have malodorous smell but ironically, he decided to leave the main character scentless. Grenouille was isolated simply because in the eyes of the society, he does not have the substance (body odour) that established his identity as a human being. Moreover, Grenouille also decided to detach himself away from the society because he does not have the need to establish relationships.Through isolation and detachment, Suskind have effectively molded the main character’s psychological state of mind by limiting Grenouille’s knowledge and only allowed him to gain knowledge through smell and scent rather than language itself so that Grenouille only understood that things that smells, exist. During an epiphany and Grenouille’s encounter with the â€Å"fog†, he discovered and learnt the truth that h e does not bear a smell or scent (based on his knowledge and understanding) and he belonged nowhere within the hierarchy, he felt his own personal identity is hindered almost as though he does not fully exist.The cumulated awareness has aided him to realize upon the ultimate truth that he was indeed born scentless and can never own a scent. Upon discovering and understanding the final truth, he decided that his existing life has bared no significance to himself, hence leading to his choice to die. Perfume was written in such a way that it indirectly criticizes the human’s nature – the endless greed through Grenouille, where he chooses to pursue after something that is beyond his competence. (408) Grenouille reached an epiphany when he encountered the â€Å"fog† in his dreams.The fog indirectly symbolizes as the ultimate truth which he has not explored and fully implicit. Grenouille only understood that he could not smell the fog hence the fog implies as a non-ex istent thing. This is how he had a realization that he is nonexistent. Again Suskind successfully correlate scent as identity. The moment he realized that the fog is a part of him, he had internal conflicts where he understood that he does not have an identity based on his understanding. He realized that he belonged nowhere in the hierarchy – hence only understood that his personal identity is hindered because he does not have smell of his own.When Grenouille realized that he was scentless and found himself to be nowhere within the category, he felt his own personal identity is hindered almost as though he does not fully exist. Hence such understanding has led him to an internal conflict where he realized that he was born scentless and his created scent could never be his thus leading to his choice to die. The setting was crafted in such way that it affects the main character’s psychological state of mind and its characterizations towards the choices. (332)

Review of Accounting Ethics Essay

Establishing principles for ethical behavior frequently starts with a policy on ethics. Businesses acquire a policy on ethics to guide their measures and to set up a general meaning of correct versus incorrect. According to the American Library Association, code of ethics is a handbook for suitable behavior (2012). Given the corporate ethical breaches in recent times, assess whether or not you believe that the current business and regulatory environment is more conducive to ethical behavior. Provide support for your answer Existing businesses and regulatory environment is more conductive behavior because some companies and managers feel as though they can get away with it. The unpredictable increase and collapse of the Enron Company set off a long-burning fire under the American social conscience. From every crevasse and corner, voices rose demanding increased accountability, demanding tighter regulation, and demanding that the unethical be brought to justice. Clearly, in such estimation, those at fault should have been punished. In order for ethical principles to apply to such industries, it must be shown that they are inherently moral or ethically responsible institutions. Secondly, an adequate discussion of what business ethics is just be provided before we can truly investigate why the situation does not conform to those standards. Third, the role of those same ethical standards must be explained with business content. Fourth, recent societal preventative measures for unethical practice should be examined (SOX). Fifth, and finally, the contribution of philosophical trends and the current phislophical mood of society must be investigated in order to delve into the mindsets of those who perpetrate such acts as society seeks to condemn. at the very beginning it is important to make the following distraction: despite the fact most of society views business as a whole, including executives as inherently dishonest, accountants and business p ersons are not inherently more likely to choose immorality over ethical behavior than any other segment of society (De Vois, 2002). Based on your research, describe the organization, the accounting ethical breach and the impact to the organization related to ethical breach. Best Buy Chairman and founder Richard Schulze exited Monday after directors determined he used poor judgment for failing to disclose CEO Brian Dunn’s personal relationship with a young subordinate, a violation of company ethics that led to Dunn’s  departure last month. In light of these revelations, Schulze ‘acted inappropriately,’ by failing to bring the matter to the company’s audit committee. While Best Buy made it clear that Dunn did not use the company’s resources to facilitate his relationship with the female employee, the internal probe found that Dunn’s behavior showed ‘extremely poor judgment and a lack of professionalism. Determine how the organizational ethical issue was detected and how management failed to create an ethical environment. In April, Dunn abruptly decided to call it quits as the Richfield, Minnesota-based company further investigated his relationship with the subordinate employee. The internal probe was initiated by the firm’s audit committee and completed by an outside law firm. Dunn is expected to walk away with a severance package worth up to $6.6 million from the embattled consumer electronics chain. There is still no word on who will succeed him. Schulze said in a statement that when he questioned Dunn about his actions, they were denied and now he accepts the audit committee findings. Analyze the accounts impacted and/or accounting guidelines violated and the resulting impact to the business operation. According to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, within the previous three years, there has numerous businesses and audit organizations that has been held responsible for violation of accounting ethics and other monetary irregularities for rebelliousness of disclosure standards (2012). Richard Schulze, creator and chairman, neglected to take action in a method that was standard with the audit committee’s permission and excellent gove rnance procedures and he produced serious possibilities of employee revenge and corporation liability. The best news for shareholders is that the board of directors at Best Buy and HP took major steps to look after the shareholders. The board members that observe CEOs make uncertain ethical decisions, should not hang around to decide if there is an accounting violation to make alterations. As a CFO, recommend which measures could have been taken to prevent this ethical breach and how each measure should be implemented in the future. For the worthy of the business, and for the worthy of anyone’s career, it is very significant to stay away from ethical problems and equally, to act morally (Smith, 2003). Mangers and/or supervisors should be a model to the actions they want their employees to obtain. The company’s staff will observe how the managers perform and they  will perform the same exact manner. When corporations create a code of conduct, they need to make sure that they live up to it as well. As a member of staff of any company, CFO choices or events should progress the wellbeing of that business. At particular times, CFO’s could be in a situation where their judgment might influence their own wellbeing as well. On the other hand, to stay away from any form of bad behavior, CFO’s may perhaps reveal the nature of their connection to the corporation. As a result, ethics play a very important role in each choice an accountant has to obtain as it involves every investor who places their unsighted belief on the accountant to make the right decisions. Principles has to be very clear by hopeful accountants in such a approach that it combines with their ethical growth which will allow them to acquire the most excellent ethical choices in the future. It really comes down to individuals’ ethical responsibility to sustain their own honesty and increase public assurance by illustrating clearness in the shape of the ethical measures being pursued. References Code of Ethics of the American Library Association. (2012). American Library Association. Retrieved November 1, 2012, from http://www.ala.org. De Vous, P. (2002). Recovering the vocation of business. Acton Institute. Retrieved November 1, 2012, from www.acton.org. Smith, Deborah. (2003). 10 Ways Companies Can Avoid Frequent Ethical Pitfalls. American Psychological Association. Retrieved November 1, 2012, from http://www.apa.org. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. (2012). Retrieved November 1, 2012, from http://www.sec.gov.

Free MBA Program †No-Cost Online Business Courses

Free MBA Program - No-Cost Online Business Courses A free MBA program may sound too good to be true, but the fact is that nowadays you can get a well-rounded business education free. The internet has provided a way for everyone around the world to learn more about any topic theyre interested in. Some of the best colleges, universities, and business institutions in the world offer free business courses that can be completed at your convenience. These courses are self-guided, which means that you study independently and at your own pace. Will the Free MBA Program Result in a Degree? You will not receive college credit or a degree when you complete the free courses detailed below, but you may get a certificate of completion after finishing some of the courses, and you will definitely get started on the education you need to start or manage a business. The skills you pick up could also be of value in your current position or in a more advanced position within your field. The idea of completing an MBA program without earning a degree may seem disappointing, but remember, the essential point of an education is to gain knowledge, not a piece of paper. The courses shown below have been chosen to create an MBA program that provides a general business education. Youll find courses in general business, accounting, finance, marketing, entrepreneurship, leadership, and management. Accounting Understanding basic accounting procedures is important for every business student, whether you plan to enter the accounting field or not. Every individual and business uses accounting in day-to-day operations. Take all three courses to get a well-rounded view of this topic. Introduction to Accounting:  This introductory course from the U.S. Small Business Administration provides an overview of accounting. The course takes approximately 30 minutes to complete. Choose from a text-based or video-based option.Bookkeeping Course: This free online bookkeeping course is a text-based course that covers basic bookkeeping topics, such as balance sheets, cash flow statements, and debits and credits. You should participate in all course activities to cement knowledge and then test yourself with post-lesson quizzes.Principles of Financial Accounting: This University of Alaska course delves deeper into financial accounting. Lectures are delivered via slides. The course also includes homework assignments and a final exam. Advertising and Marketing Marketing is important for any business that sells a product or service. If you plan to start your own business, work in management, or pursue a career in marketing or advertising, it is essential to learn the psychology of advertising and marketing processes. Complete all three courses to gain a thorough understanding of both topics. Marketing 101:  This free business course from the U.S. Small Business Administration offers an overview of marketing with an emphasis on reaching a wider customer base. The course takes approximately 30 minutes to complete.Principles of Marketing:  Provided through Study.com, this free online course includes a series of nearly 100 short video lessons. Each video covers a specific topic and includes a post-lesson quiz.Advanced Marketing: This free MBA course from NetMBA provides detailed text-based lessons on a variety of marketing topics. Entrepreneurship Whether you plan to start your own business or not, entrepreneurship training is an important part of a general business education. This knowledge can be useful for everything from branding to product launches to project management. Explore both courses to learn about the different aspects of entrepreneurship. Introduction to Franchising: This U.S. Small Business Administration course introduces students to franchising and provides tips on choosing a franchise. The course takes approximately 30 minutes to complete.Starting a Business: This free entrepreneurship course from MyOwnBusiness.org covers key start-up topics including writing a business plan, building a business, and operation management. The course includes instruction, quizzes, and other learning materials. Leadership and Management Leadership skills are extraordinarily important in the business world,  even if you dont work in a supervisory capacity. Taking courses in leadership and management will teach you how to manage both people and the day-to-day operations of a business, department, or project. Take all three courses to gain a full understanding of management and leadership principles. Principles of Management: Study.com provides an extensive video-based course focused on business management. The course is divided into short easy-to-digest lessons, each with a post-lesson quiz.Leadership Lab: This free leadership lab from MITs Sloan School of Management consists of videos, lecture notes, assignments, and other learning materials.Business Management and Leadership: This free MBA course from Master Class Management is a mini MBA program that results in a certificate of completion. MBA Program Electives Business electives are a great way to further specialize in a topic that interests you. Here are a couple of electives to consider. You can also search out your own to focus your studies on something that interests you. Business Law: This introductory business law course from Education-Portal.com consists of short video lessons. You can test your knowledge at the end of each portion with post-lesson quizzes.Strategic Human Resources Management: MITs Sloan School of Management  offers text-based lecture notes, assignments, and a final exam focused on  human resource management strategies.   Get Real Course Credit If you would rather take courses that result in some sort of certificate or even a university recognized degree without enrolling in business school and paying a sizable tuition bill, you may want to consider looking at sites like Coursera or EdX, both of which offer courses from some of the top universities in the world. Coursera offers certificate courses and degree programs that start as low as $15. Admission is required for degree programs. EdX offers university credits for a small fee per credit hour.

Evaluation for Ice Bar Essays

Evaluation for Ice Bar Essays Evaluation for Ice Bar Essay Evaluation for Ice Bar Essay You dont want the expenses to be more than the sales. Management and employees would want to see this information to see how well the business is doing. Also to see if the business can afford to pay the employees. Evaluation for Ice Bar First of all we were deciding upon what kind of business we were to set up. First we had decided to set up a chocolate shop. The reason for not starting up a chocolate shop was because we thought this was not necessary and there are a lot of shops which sell chocolate in Sheffield. We wanted to introduce something new instead. So we decided upon setting up an Ice Cream parlour, the reason for this was there are no Ice Cream parlours in Sheffield, but there are cafes and restaurants which sell Ice Cream. By doing research we found out that Ice Cream does not have to be restricted to the summer months only as it is a cold dessert. At the time we started our business plan in the winter where a lot of Ice Cream is not eaten due to the cold weather. Due to us starting our plan in the winter we thought it would be difficult to find information on Ice Cream due to Ice Cream is known as seasonal. We also decided not to open Ice Cream parlour at one point due to it being seasonal. However, doing a lot of research finding out the important information for our business we realised we could be successful. If we put a lot more effort in advertising in the winter. Research is the most important part of the business plan and we believe we were successful in this area. As we found out a lot about Ice Cream the profits you can make buy selling the product. Pricing is really important in a business. If it is pitched too high then it will frighten off potential customers, but too low a price might give you levels of demand we wont be able to cope with, or worse leave us with higher costs than revenues. So we had decided making the prices reasonable. We decided to locate on Ecclesall Road due to it being a predominately student area. We believe it could start us with a good client base. There were different areas from where we could choose from for example London Road, somewhere in the City Centre. As Ecclesall Road is just off the City Centre so it does have its advantages and it is a long road with a lot of competition. Finding the property on Ecclesall Road was difficult as there are a lot of businesses successful. We managed to find a property after a while we had to wait, if we had not been successful in finding a property on Ecclesall Road we would have decided to locate on London Road which is a road like Ecclesall Road with a few cafes and takeaways. London Road is being developed into being another Ecclesall Road. There are flats being made on London Road which are to be filled with mainly students. We had decided to set up the business as a partnership due to having more ideas and we both have different skills within each other. By putting the skills together we thought we could have a successful business. Setting the business up as partners does have its advantages and disadvantages. As above they are the advantages but the disadvantages are not agreeing on the same idea, which can cause some problems but me and Emma managed to work together and if any disagreements occurred we had sorted them out by working them out. We did manage to get on well with each other and work as partners. The quality assurance was used by the help of Emma getting information how a food handling business works. As Emma works at Massarella she had the experience and knowledge of what was needed to be done. We used the information from Massarella as it is a food handling business. It had helped us a lot with our quality assurance, production plan, and constraints on production. The financial plan is crucial as it is a forecast on the business to see if we are to be successful in making any profit. The financial part of the plan took us a long time to do by trying to get it right. It was not difficult doing the cash flow forecast and the profit and loss account as we had to just fill in the months and it were calculated automatically. However finding out all the prices and working them out was difficult and took most of our time working them out. However looking at the financial plan we seem to be doing well not losing a lot of money. As we do expect sales to be high in the summer but not in the winter so it can be understood that the sales figures are low and we dont make any profit in the first three months. It is expected though we dont make any profit at the start of the business. Nevertheless we seem to be doing well not losing out on much. Looking at the ratios in gross profit we are doing extremely well, but not in the net profit but we are totally low in the net profit we are jus near the 50% mark but we can grow on this as it is the start of a new business and we might even expect more customers than we predict or less. If we had more time we would have convert the Ice Bar into a drinking bar in the night. We have a bar in Ice Bar and the name which would be suitable, so there would not be a lot to change the premises itself. We would have to apply for licence for alcohol. We also have a basement we could refurbish it and convert it to a dancing area or have another bar downstairs. To convert the Ice Bar into a night bar it would cost us a lot of money so we would need to take out a loan. If we were not successful in our Ice Cream Parlour this idea would be our back up plan. We decided to use the Lloyds TSB Bank business plan to help us construct our own plan to help us construct our own plan. There were a variety of business plans to choose from to help us to construct our business plan for example HSBC Bank, Natwest etc. The business plans are mainly available from the banks. We chose Lloyds TSB Bank because there is a lot of information given to help with the business plan, for example a CD was given a book which guides you through the planning of a business. It also gave an outline of a business plan where you can fill in the spaces and use it as a business plan. The guide was very helpful, we used the construction of the Lloyds TSB business plan we did not use as we had a lot more information to add and some of the information in the plan was not necessary to our business plan. We could have chosen different plans like HSBC but we felt HSBC did not have lot information like Lloyds TSB. It was not very helpful it had just given a business plan where you can just fill in what was necessary.

The Role of Chief Justice of the United States

The Role of Chief Justice of the United States Often incorrectly called the chief justice of the Supreme Court, the chief justice of the United States is the nation’s highest-ranking judicial official, and speaking for the judicial branch of the federal government, and serving as the chief administrative officer for the federal courts. In this capacity, the chief justice heads the Judicial Conference of the United States, the chief administrative body of the U.S. federal courts,  and appoints the director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts. A Chief Justices Main Duties As primary duties, the chief justice presides over oral arguments before the Supreme Court and sets the agenda for the courts meetings. Of course, the chief justice presides over the Supreme Court, which includes eight other members called associate justices. The chief justices vote carries the same weight as those of the associate justices, though the role does require duties that the associate justices dont perform. As such, the chief justice is traditionally paid more than the associate justices. The 2018 annual salary of the chief justice set by Congress, is $267,000, slightly higher than the $255,300 salary of the associate justices. When voting with the majority in a case decided by the Supreme Court, the chief justice may choose to write the Courts opinion  or to assign the task to one of the associate justices. History of the Chief Justice Role The office of chief justice is not explicitly established in the U.S. Constitution. While Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 of the Constitution refers to a chief justice as presiding over Senate trials of presidential impeachment.  Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution, which establishes the Supreme Court itself, refers to all members of the Court simply as â€Å"judges.† The distinct titles of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States were created by the Judiciary Act of 1789. In 1866, Associate Justice Salmon P. Chase, who had been by to the Court by President Abraham Lincoln in 1864, convinced Congress to change the official title Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States to the current Chief Justice of the United States. Chase reasoned that the new title better acknowledged the position’s duties within the judicial branch not directly related to the Supreme Court’s deliberations. In 1888, Chief Justice of the United States Melville Fuller became the first person to actually hold the modern title. Since 1789, 15 different presidents have made a total of 22 official nominations to either the original or the modern chief justice position. Since the Constitution mandates only that there must be a chief justice, the practice of appointment by the president with the consent of the Senate has been based solely on tradition. The Constitution does not specifically prohibit the use of other methods, as long as the chief justice is selected from among the other sitting justices. Like all federal judges, the chief justice is nominated by the president of the United States and must be confirmed by the Senate. The term-in-office of the chief justice is set by Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution, which states that all federal judges shall hold their offices during good behavior, meaning that chief justices serve for life, unless they die, resign, or are removed from office through the impeachment process. Presiding Over Impeachments and Inaugurations The chief justice sits as the judge in  impeachments  of the president of the United States,  including when the vice  president of the United States  is the acting president. Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase presided over the Senate trial of President  Andrew Johnson  in 1868, and Chief Justice  William H. Rehnquist  presided over the trial of President William Clinton in 1999. While its thought the chief justice must swear in ​presidents at inaugurations, this is a purely traditional role. According to law, any federal or state judge is empowered to administer oaths of office, and even a notary public can perform the duty, as was the case when Calvin Coolidge was sworn in as president in 1923. Procedure and Reporting and Inaugurations In day-to-day proceedings, the chief justice enters the courtroom first and casts the first vote when the justices deliberate, and also presides over closed-door conferences of the court in which votes are cast on pending appeals and cases heard in oral argument. Outside the courtroom, the chief justice writes an annual report to Congress about the state of the federal court system and appoints other federal judges to serve on various administrative and judicial panels. The chief justice also serves as chancellor of the Smithsonian Institution  and sits on the boards of the National Gallery of Art and the Hirshhorn Museum.

Developing a Strategy for Sustainable Relationship Case Study

Developing a Strategy for Sustainable Relationship - Case Study Example Because it enjoyed a wide client profile, Merryweather had no problem filling its accommodations to capacity, especially since summer is a naturally busy time for vacation sites. With more income-generating opportunities available, the company tended to maintain a relatively large staff base, assigning each guest relations officer a maximum of eight clients at a time. As a result, visitors were provided high-quality, personalized service. The firm promoted a culture of innovation among employees to reinforce its "customer is king" orientation. As such, its marketing-led business style and acute sense of customer service were, perhaps, Merryweather's most important contribution to the merger. Tennyson Ski maintained a diverse mix of properties - from chalets and apartments to hotels - to serve the winter vacation industry. Because this is a mass market, it might have entailed high operating costs. Furthermore, the facilities were not full-staffed; one representative attended to as many as 30 guests. Therefore, clients did not experience the level of indulgence that they might expect from luxury accommodations. According to Pate and Platt (2002), "a merger can only benefit a weak business if operating efficiencies, product synergies, or other marketing, financial, or managerial advantages are achieved". While not necessarily a "weak" company, Tennyson Ski certainly had more to gain from the merger. Meanwhile, Merryweather Sailing "should move cautiouslyconduct thorough due diligence investigations, and formulate realistic business plans for the combined organization" (Pate & Platt, 2002). Tennyson Ltd. thought it best to move forward by (1) developing a new strategy (2) discarding products and services that no longer fit the new business. This was no mean task; the two companies had been targeting two completely different segments, albeit in the same general category. Tennyson Ltd. started by adopting Merryweather Sailing's mission: "To be the best tour operator to go on holiday with and invest in." There were other critical issues. The new conglomerate needed to set a direction for growth and identify the different lines of business that would best match the strategy. Also, Merryweather catered to a specialist market, while Tennyson used a shotgun approach in its marketing. Post-merger, the company had to settle on a viable segmentation strategy, which would then guide the company in resource allocation decisions. With the merger, who then would be the customer of Tennyson Ltd. This was not a simple either-or decision between the two market segments; it required careful consideration. Need for Rationalization To be able to move forward with a new strategy - and emerge with a

Consumer Behavior Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Consumer Behavior Analysis - Essay Example The first and foremost thing, of course, is to do market fragmentation; it is a necessary early step while making a marketing plan. To know who the product is for is probably the most important factor to determine before any anything. Another vital factor is to develop the need recognition of the product in the customers’ eye. It is the psychology of humans to recognize something as ‘need’ or ‘want’ before a purchase. Even if it is a ‘want’, the desire to experience it in order to feel better is often subconsciously camouflaged as a ‘need’ as well. This is also referred to as customer’s value perception of the product. (Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G., 1991). Hence, the products should be marketed in a way that the consumers can recognize and acknowledge the need of those items for themselves. It is important to identify what benefit and value are the customers deriving from the products vis-Ã  -vis what the products are offering. For the advertising campaign of the product line, the main proposition can be protection against the harshness of outdoor lifestyle. This proposition creates much value for males considering a common man’s outdoor routine and sun and dust exposure to the skin. Since the product line is only chosen for men, the marketing strategy needs to revolve around the lifestyle of men. This means that the outdoor roughness and rugged routines for men need to be utilized as key factors during marketing. Moreover, the target market of the personal care product line is bracketed for young males who are aged from 18-35. Considering these factors as framework, it is important to distribute focus on each product according to their specific offerings. For instance, the hair-styling gel needs to address its firm nature, wet look, allowing young males to use the gel for any hairstyle - from causal to formal. The face wash and shampoo will address their own offerings, while staying in the same age group of 18-35, along with a

Critical thinking- Critically discuss whether slum-upgrading projects Essay

Critical thinking- Critically discuss whether slum-upgrading projects have been a success or failure - Essay Example aces, health problems have led to the emergence of water borne diseases that have claimed the lives of many who resides in these areas (Katukiza 2014 Pg. 17). Poor sanitary services that cause the epidemic of diseases crops in when absentee tenants build overcrowded semi-permanent houses with a single toilet to be shared by a multitude. The slum- upgrading projects in many parts of the world face various set- backs such as lack of affordability to the poor to build better and many toilets. In addition, the slum- upgrading projects intended to relocate the displaced poor people to their own land found their way to the exploitative political figures. Since 2000, the government of many countries harboring slum dwellers and UNCHS (Habitat) has worked closely to help resolve the sanitary dilemma that has affected the health of many residents. Informal settlement has greatly affected the environment in substantial levels through its dense populated nature. Slum dwellers may engage in sporadic dumping tendencies that affect the environment. Slum- upgrading projects works towards identifying the best localities to build toilets and dumping sites. In its effort to locate these environments, the programs face challenges from the local authorities and political figures that may interfere with land tenure. When the slum- upgrading projects fails to secure land that it can build toilets and dumping site, residents of the slum engages in toilet and dumping behaviors that destroy the environment, which may cause health related issues to crop up. Slum- upgrading projects embarks on soliciting government figures and donors to facilitate the conservation of the environment (Snell- Rood 2013 Pg. 21). Its failure may arise when the project lacks a formidable source of the donation to take it through the entire program. Environmental challenges that face slum- upgrading projects in some slums involve steep terrain and rivers that borders the slum. The problem hinders the slum from

Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Macroeconomics - Essay Example In 2012, the performance for 2nd quarter was almost 50% lower than that of the first quarter. It appears that the most significant growth takes place in the 4th quarter. That happened in 2009 and 2011, but certainly not in 2012. In 2010, the growth rates were somewhat evenly distributed in each of the four quarters. Because of the recent thrust of the Federal Reserve to provide stimulus funds for the attainment of the ideal of full employment, 2013 should have a much higher growth rate and lower unemployment rate. On a per quarter basis, there is a 50% probability that the growth rate in the 2nd quarter will be higher than the first quarter. Since the 2nd quarter was lowest in 2009 and 2010, lower than the first quarter in 2012, but higher in 2011 than the first quarter, the probability of having a lower GDP growth rate is 75%. The 3rd quarter will be higher than the 2nd quarter and most probably higher than the 1st quarter since this is what happened in the past four years. By the 4th quarter, assuming no major calamities will disturb business operations, USA real GDP should experience the highest growth rate so far since the time of the recession. First, it is because the Fed has been supportive of the need for more money supply. There is a determination to bring down the unemployment rate in the USA. The People have been complaining about the high unemployment rates and performance of the Monetary Board in easing the financial difficulties of the country for several years now. Secondly, the government is more prepared to adjust to unfavorable climate changes. And thirdly, there has been news about improvements in the way the economic problems in Europe are being handled, e.g. the way Greece economic crisis is being resolved. Europe is a major trading partner of the

Marketing Plan For An Art Gallery National Gallery of Art Term Paper

Marketing Plan For An Art Gallery National Gallery of Art - Term Paper Example The National Gallery of Art has come up with a new marketing strategy in order to cope with the rising completion and to retain the existing customers. The new marketing strategy involves market expansion and penetration strategies. It is planning to expand its product line and also to offer a new product by opening up a art school for students who are interested in learning about the American and European art. The main objective of the National Gallery of Art is to preserve the best art pieces from all around the world and pass them on to the future generations in the best condition. In the next three, consecutive years, the organization has planned to implement its new marketing strategy by using a step-by-step procedure. In the first year it will expand its collection base, in the second year it will expand its building and in the third year it will open up its art school. Company description The National Gallery of Art is based in Washington, DC. It was created in 1937 by the people of United States. It was formed as a result of collaboration between the congress and the Andrew. W. Mellon who was both the financier and art collector for the National Gallery of Art. Before his death Andrew W Mellon promised all his collection of sculpture and art to the United States and it was preserved in the National Gallery of Art. Since then the gallery has been like an art museum. It holds many precious paintings belonging to various artists. The collection at The National Art gallery consists of precious art pieces from United States and Europe

Curriculum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Curriculum - Essay Example He described curriculum in a range of approaches. One of them is linked to syllabus or a body of knowledge to be transmitted to the students. Smith also stressed that curriculum is a set of objectives, where there is a drawn-up plan to apply intended objectives with a measurable outcome. Another alternative definition is that curriculum is a student’s total experience. It comprises teachers’ and students’ communication and relationships between them. Smith also recommends that curriculum is one’s ability to apply theory to practice. Language Arts is one essential subject area that hones communication skills of students. Being knowledgeable in literature, grammar and writing is one important goal for them that will greatly benefit them in their growth and development. This paper will compare 7th Grade Language Arts curriculum guides of three schools in New Jersey, namely the Hillside, Union and Orange Public Schools. The comparison will only be based on the guides acquired from these schools and not from how their curriculums are implemented. Of the three schools, Hillside Public School provided the most comprehensive curriculum guide. Next was the Orange School which also provided a clear outline indicating the goals of the Language Arts program and how its assessment strategies. Union School provided the least comprehensive guide, with just the use of cue words in enumerating its curriculum content and suggested activities. One of the widely adopted curriculum design is the ‘Understanding by Design’ Planning Framework (UbD) by Wiggins, Grant and McTighe (1998). This is also known as the Backward Design Model wherein the teacher starts with the end, the desired results, and then derives the curriculum from the evidence of learning called for by the expectations and the teaching needed to equip students to perform. The UbD involves the following processes: The Hillside School obviously adopted the Understanding by Design

Marketing Plan For An Art Gallery National Gallery of Art Term Paper

Marketing Plan For An Art Gallery National Gallery of Art - Term Paper Example The National Gallery of Art has come up with a new marketing strategy in order to cope with the rising completion and to retain the existing customers. The new marketing strategy involves market expansion and penetration strategies. It is planning to expand its product line and also to offer a new product by opening up a art school for students who are interested in learning about the American and European art. The main objective of the National Gallery of Art is to preserve the best art pieces from all around the world and pass them on to the future generations in the best condition. In the next three, consecutive years, the organization has planned to implement its new marketing strategy by using a step-by-step procedure. In the first year it will expand its collection base, in the second year it will expand its building and in the third year it will open up its art school. Company description The National Gallery of Art is based in Washington, DC. It was created in 1937 by the people of United States. It was formed as a result of collaboration between the congress and the Andrew. W. Mellon who was both the financier and art collector for the National Gallery of Art. Before his death Andrew W Mellon promised all his collection of sculpture and art to the United States and it was preserved in the National Gallery of Art. Since then the gallery has been like an art museum. It holds many precious paintings belonging to various artists. The collection at The National Art gallery consists of precious art pieces from United States and Europe

What do you expect will be the character of the 21st century Peaceful Essay

What do you expect will be the character of the 21st century Peaceful War-prone Chaotic - Essay Example In any case, several challenges continue to face humanity in the aspect of human relations and this creates the need for measures to address the fundamental concerns affecting humanity. In any case, the century is still young and anything is certainly possible. In the face of the growing challenges facing the world in terms of unpredictable future relations between certain countries in the world, several realities emerge. In a way, the character of the 21st century is very much unpredictable and it basically calls for a keen analysis of the whole situation in order to make sound and valid predictions in relation to the issue. In the context of peace and war, it is safer to confirm that the 21st century seems to promise much hope for the future. In a way, it certainly appears that humanity has understood the extent to which a modern war can have devastating effects on the lives of humanity. As such, most countries across the world are pushing for measures that can enhance peaceful coe xistence across the world. Peace, in the context of international relations is the catalyst that can steer the course of life and drive the true sense of civilization. The experience of the two World Wars confirmed to the world that peace is the only option in a world were technology and civilization has advanced to the levels it is currently realized. The 21st century presents humanity with myriad challenges that seem to shift the priorities of humanity from the issues of war to the more fundamental concerns of this age. Such issues as climate change, poverty and other aspects continue to confront humanity day by day. In any case, the challenges that would otherwise be addressed through wars in the past are no longer addressed the same way. The United States is very careful in its operations across the world and the search for peace seems to be the most pressing preoccupation. In a way, challenges seem to emerge in this regard. The growth of the Chinese economy seems to present muc h headache to the Americans and it appears that the political world order might soon shift positions (Walt 45). There is a sense of growing awareness on the devastating effects of the wars that have always affected humanity. Through media and other avenues, people across the world are able to evidence the effects of the chaos that seem to be realized in certain parts of the world (Steele 25). More importantly, one of the most critical issues in the present world order has become the economic preoccupation of countries across the world. Unfortunately, economic realizations will never go in tandem with a turbulent political environment (Falk 6). It therefore goes without doubt that the 21st century promises much of peaceful coexistence in the world more than it promises a sense of chaos. However, amid the sense of peace that can be envisioned deep into the century, several challenges seem to emerge. In any case, it appears that in certain respects, war become the only option. The 21st century is inundated with a lot of challenges that seem to present a dim future for the future. The problem of terrorism is a real fact that cannot be overlooked (Scholte 250). The United States is basically at the forefront in dealing with the challenge of terrorism in the world (Jackson 15). Well, this is certainly a very delicate process where war can always be an option. In fighting terrorism across the world, it does appear that the 21st century is much gloomy in terms of dealing with the aspects of human security in relation to the challenges posed by terror (Mearsheimer 14). The notion that certain miscreants are out to terrorize the world and make life seem like mere luck is certainly not the best situation to be. In this context, to address the critical aspects of safety of its citizens, the United States has to brace up for any eventuality and this translates

John Rawls Ethical Theory Essay Example for Free

John Rawls Ethical Theory Essay On February 21 on the year 1921 a man who’s in the future will be regarded as a prominent philosopher John Rawls in Baltimore Maryland was born. He graduated in Kent School in 1939; Rawls completed BA at Princeton University and received in here his Ph. D. in 1950. Great American Political Philosopher John Rawls was highly considered as an important person at the time, as the most prominent liberalisms’ advocate. He was also working as a Professor at Harvard University in his field of expertise, in the field of Political Philosophy. Rawls’ theory that often calls â€Å"justice as fairness† and its concepts presented in 1971 Theory of Justice, his primary published book. He is also the creator of 1993 Political Liberalism that means distinctive things into different people and The Law of Peoples in 1999. It presents a non-historical or hypothetical variation on the social contract theory. In the said theory, it declares that agents are making a balanced and rational social decision following a certain rule at the rear of â€Å"veil of ignorance†. The said theory makes them able to prevent from knowing in progress what condition and category they will hold. Rawls proclaimed that this method will be beneficial for all the citizens for it will surely produced a society in which the freedom of everyone embrace and their independence will be practiced. His proclamation also emphasized that this will maximize for the entire nation and social disparity will only happen when the circumstances prove that it will benefit a least favored constituents. In brief, what he has done is to combine the very strong principle of social and economic equality. In the issue entitled â€Å"When is creating a turnover situation the right thing to do†, the author, â€Å"MEK†, tells the story an employee who is really doing quite well in the job. However, it is also said that the employer of the said employee although willing to keep him for the job, is not willing and interested in making such investment for the development of the employee’s career. â€Å"MEK† also tells his story in regarding his past employer. In order to understand the situation let me first give a summary of the story. MEK once work as a shift supervisor in a certain company. By that time, the operations manager is really skilled not only in the job but as a leader too. After some time, the shift manager was promoted leaving MEK in charge of the vacant position. MEK works as acting operations manager for about 4 months and it can be said that he is doing a great job with increase in the sales and low turnovers during his time as the operations manager. Suddenly, after more than 160 days of working in the said position, it is said that he is to be replace by fresh graduate of BA degree. The said replacement had absolutely no experience in running a business. MEK is even asked to train the person who is to replace him. Thus, MEK was in actuality upset and decided not to work in the company to any further extent. The presence of ethical issue can be seen in this story. And this presence of issue can be resolved and accomplished using a concept formulated by John Rawls in what appear to us and popularly known as the â€Å"justice of fairness†. According to Rawls, two conditions must be satisfied for social and economic inequalities. First, fair equality of opportunity must be given when it comes to positions and as well as offices that are often to all who can be considered under condition. Second, it has to benefit those that are considered least advantage member of the society. Applying Rawls’s concept in the case of MEK, it can be said that MEK has the right remain as the operation manager of the said company. It can be said that MEK was not given equal opportunity because the company based their decision on the educational attainment of the individual (which is the main basis for most companies), something that MEK lacks. However, MEK had proven that although he does not have a BA degree, he is still able to do the job. Thus, applying Rawls concept in the situation, it would had been in goodwill and favor of MEK. Aside from what had been mentioned earlier, there had also been several concepts of Rawls that are considered of great value and importance in political philosophy. It is believed that John Rawls made an important contribution in the said field. Rawlss work not only attracted the attention of those who are interested and are in the field of philosophy but many other fields as well such as political scientist, economist and even legal scholars and theologians. This only proves that his ideology is well known and regarded as one of the best if not the best. Among all of the works of Rawls, his books of Justice as fairness, his original position, the reflective equilibrium, Rawls’ overlapping consensus, and public relations are the ones that had been given and receive extensive attentions. Rawls is regarded as unique among political philosophers in the contemporary time. Ethics involves the study of norms and values in particular action knowing what is right or wrong and the consequences of it weather bad or good and character virtue and this practices are importance in the fields of governance as well as in business world. Ethics aim was to provide a systematic explanatory account and inquiry that the people may actually have. The use of ethics in business and government world also imply public policy as a way of balancing or weighing relevant considerations usually identified by principles of common use. In my personal opinion, I also believe that in today’s business and government world study of ethics is of great value. In business, ethics examined moral and ethical problems that can arise and take it’s place in a business environment. Through this study, they will able to trace how the corporations conduct business, hold both within and outside workers of the company. Through this company can strengthens its relationship with the employees how they can manage and treat every member the right and most effective way, or workplace ethics, they can also formulate a proper governance, and make policies, decision making, appropriate techniques and understanding individual behavior. In the case of governance, it creates a leadership process and social responsibility to be able to administer and process the system. And so the governance for the organization, like a government would include such common feature such as a clear mission, a good responsibility, accountability, transparency, stewardship, flexibility, representation and most of all they may acquire success. The fulfillment of the organizations mission is a paramount concern be it to make profits do good works or act as a government.

Comparison of Film Remakes: Poltergeist

Comparison of Film Remakes: Poltergeist INTRODUCTION In this essay Im going to compare two movies; original and its remake and focus on how visual effects were made for each movie. Firstly Im going to write about the original movie and then about its remake and how it has developed opposite the original. Im going to introduce the movie Poltergeist, its story and using my resources write about some of the most significant visual effects for the movie and how filmmakers achieved specific effects in that time using different techniques. Poltergeist is telling us a classic story about a family who came to a new house haunted by evil forces. Everything starts with the youngest daughter who senses ghosts calling her to help them. When she is taken by them to the other side, the family must come together to rescue her before she disappears forever. Poltergeist would prove to be one of the best horror movies of the 80s, thanks to its terrifying effects and creative storyline. The original moviewas awarded the BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects. Poltergeist (1982) / The Original Director: Tobe Hooper Industrial Light and Magic (ILM) VFX Supervisor: Richard Edlund Visual effects, if they are done well, are not obvious. The older effects may look lame and unsophisticated for first time viewers by todays standards. However, Poltergeist shows us that even using almost only practical effects created by hand can be very effective and breathtaking. The original Poltergeist scared a generation with its practical horror effects designed to disturb. These effects became legendary and inspired many filmmakers. It all began with a description in the script for Steven Spielbergs film Poltergeist: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and the house implodes. It is referring to a one of the most significant scene in the movie in which the house of the Freeling family becomes so possessed by spirits of the dead that it is destroyed by implosion it collapses upon itself and disappears. ILM was asked by Spielberg to create this effect and VFX supervisor Richard Edlund accepted this challenge. While the actors shot their parts on a blue screen set, ILM went through months of testing and development to achieve Spielbergs effect. They crafted a detailed model of the house out of balsa wood and corn flakes by a hand. The house had to break up into pieces and shrink into its center. It had to actually implode. Using vacuum system they finally achieved desired effect by threading thick steel cables through the model and funnel attached to a high powered vacuum. Whole scene was shot with a high-speed camera and done in one take. One of the most memorable set pieces involved Robbie (Oliver Robins) being pulled from his bed by an evil tree through his window. The tree they used was an entire mechanical tree that actually grab the kid. However, the scene was shot in reverse and despite of this the footage looked better this way. It gives the tree personality. Another significant and interesting shot was paranormal investigator Marty ripping his own melting face off. The VFX crew built a bust of the actor so there was no need to put special makeup on him. Spielberg was asked to rip the face flesh to bits because the production had only one bust to rip apart so the hands belong to Spielberg. Some of the scenes were huge to create. Building up set on a huge revolving gimbal is one of them. Scene where Carol Anne (Heather ORourke) is being dragged into closet is actually whole set turned 360 degrees so all the stuff just fell into closet. The key was attaching a static camera onto a rotating set. The same technique was used when esophagus is trying to devour the family. For this scene Spielberg wanted a full size enormous esophagus to engulf a bedroom. However, it was a model created by a hand, then filmed separately and then combined to the set. The scene is a masterpiece of optical compositing, as the miniature looks as it is actually part of the live-action set. One of the biggest parts of the movie was lightening. In Poltergeist lightening was the key to create a mysterious atmosphere. We can see a lot of special lightening effects such as blasting light. Very useful effect was achieved using tanks of water with fishes where they put a big reflector behind the tank so they could achieve the effect of optical flares coming out of the closet. Poltergeist (2015) / The Remake Director: Gil Kenan Shade VFX Supervisor: Bryan Godwin Soho VFX Supervisor: Keith Sellers In the early 1980s, there were no major computer generated visual effects but thats probably to this films advantage. Early CGI often looks dated. Having said that, the practical effects crafted by hand and shot with camera tricks in the original Poltergeist really do hold up for the most part. The remake has almost only CG effects. It also introduces a couple of innovative concepts like sending a drone with a camera into the other side. There was just too great of an opportunity to put a camera through to the other side and see what it looks like over there, Kenan said. I just couldnt resist. Most of the story remains the original but some of Kenans effects are not based on the original. For instance, the most significant effect the house implosion from the original Poltergeist doesnt take the place in the remake. They probably wanted to keep it more realistic so it ends only with the house falling apart without implosion. It is obvious that Kenan was trying to follow the melting face scene from the original regarding to a shot where we can see Erik (Sam Rockwell) in the kitchen seeing his face flowing black fluid. However, there is no melting face effect at all. I think he was only trying to keep the concept of someones face changing. On the other hand he created something that we couldnt see in the original movie Kenan decided to include the other side where Madison (Kennedi Clements) was being kept by ghosts. There we can see ghosts in another way than in the original. Using todays technique they decided to create more deadly-looking creatures than ordinary transparent ghosts. The movie takes us deep into the other side. The scene where Madison and her brother Griffin (Kyle Catlett) are talking inside the other side is visually very dramatic and dark. VFX artists created 3D models of ghosts as well as the environment of the other side so it was all CGI. For the dramatic closing sequence of the gate of the other side artists form Milk studio created four shots of the evil spirit creatures working with Framestore. Conclusion I admire the work on the house implosion effect. The technique used to create this kind of effect is creative and also very impressive. I admire the work of modelers who created the model to the detail so it looks exactly like the house in the movie and it is hardly noticeable. Another very impressive creation is perfectly done glass matte painting of graveyard in the original Poltergeist where Steve (Craig T. Nelson) and Teague (James Karen) are standing next to while talking at the hill. I would use very precise digital painting technique combined with 3D models to achieve this effect. Of course, using todays advanced equipment it could be also done as a whole 3D environment combined with a real footage. My personal favorite is the melting face scene in the original movie. However, actors face suddenly changes into a bust and we can see it is not his face anymore. I would use different materials such as latex or silicone and make up technique on the actors face to make it more natural and avoid unwanted effect. The scene from the other side from the remade Poltergeist is very well done in my opinion. I like that the whole scene is based on the slow motion with lightening effect creating very mysterious feeling while camera is going through. In my opinion the original Poltergeist keeps its originality and horror feeling. Poltergeist has become one of the movies we will never forget. It take us to the world of classical effects and keeps us thinking how they achieved that. However, CGI opens the door to many opportunities today. The remake on the other hand is showing us how world of visual effects has developed. Some of the CGI effects in the remake are easily noticeable yet it still keeps its mysterious atmosphere during whole movie. Nowadays, filmmakers dont have to use almost any practical effect but sometimes the result may not be as desired. Bibliography FilmArchivesNYC. (2013). Poltergeist Behind the Scenes Footage (stock footage / archival footage). [image] youtube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wzQuTcvYqCw/ [Accessed 1 Jan. 2017]. fxguide. (2011). the vfx show #132: Poltergeist. [online] fxguide. Available at: https://www.fxguide.com/thevfxshow/the-vfx-show-132-poltergeist/ [Accessed 1 Jan. 2017]. Woerner, M. (2013). 13 things you didnt know about Poltergeist. [online] io9. Available at: http://io9.gizmodo.com/13-things-you-didnt-know-about-poltergeist-1454934341/ [Accessed 1 Jan. 2017]. Brown, C. (2006). Poltergeist (1982 film) [online] wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poltergeist_(1982_film)/   [Accessed 4 Jan. 2017]. ILM studio. Poltergeist. [online] ilm. Available at: http://www.ilm.com/vfx/poltergeist-2/ [Accessed 4 Jan. 2017]. BUF. (2016). POLTERGEIST | Visual Effects Making Of [image] vimeo. Available at:   https://vimeo.com/181774567/   [Accessed 4 Jan. 2017]. Milk. (2015). Poltergeist Feature Film, 2015 [online] milk-vfx. Available at: http://www.milk-vfx.com/project/poltergeist/ [Accessed 4 Jan. 2017]. Porter, S. (2015). Look Away! Practical Horror Effects in Classic Films. [online] premiumbeat. Available at: https://www.premiumbeat.com/blog/look-away-practical-horror-effects-in-classic-films/   [Accessed 4 Jan. 2017]. Polowy, K. (2015). Poltergeist Director Gil Kenan Couldnt Resist Showing Us The Other Side This Time. [online] yahoo. Available at:   https://www.yahoo.com/movies/poltergeist-remake-behind-tv-screen-director-119617731497.html/ [Accessed 10 Jan. 2017]. Lowe, J. (2015). Poltergeist Film Review: A Solid Remake. [online] yahoo. Available at:   https://www.yahoo.com/movies/poltergeist-film-review-a-solid-remake-119372053762.html/   [Accessed 12 Jan. 2017].

censorhf Censorship of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Censorship of Huckleberry Finn      Ã‚  Ã‚   As parents, it is important for you to know what information your child receives, especially in the learning environment of a classroom. The thought of your child reading a racially offensive book is unacceptable. Some people find Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn racially offensive. If you as parents perceive this book to be offensive, it may lead some of you to request that teachers and administrators not allow students to read this book in school. I ask that you consider other options before taking this action. The actual reasons for the censorship of Huckleberry Finn depend on many other factors: fear of uneducated or insensitive teachers leading student discussions, school administrators who wish to avoid controversy and discomfort with acknowledging our country's painful history.    What some people find offensive about this story is the language Huck Finn uses. In the story, Huck often refers to Jim as a "nigger," which some groups find unnecessary and reprehensible. In the minds of administrators and teachers, there is an easy solution by using less-controversial books. John Wallace, a school superintendent, writes, "Pejorative terms should not be granted any legitimacy by their use in the classroom under the guise of teaching books of great literary merit, nor for any other reason" (18). Why are we afraid of these "pejorative terms," instead of explaining to students what they mean and why white people used to use them to address African-Americans? Yet instead of finding out why we worry if the children read a derogative term used commonly over a century ago, we ignore the subject and pat ourselves on the backs for saving children's minds. Huckleberry Finn addresses topics dealing with race which are still relevant today. We cannot expect to solve the racial problems today by banning literature that deals directly with these issues. Twain writes about a friendship between a slave and a white youth; he demonstrates the lack of reason behind racist thought. These topics are not harmful to African-Americans, and if taught correctly, can be a positive learning experience.    Instead of addressing these issues, administrators often remove the controversial book from the class reading list and replace it with another book. Former Justice William Douglas is noted for his concern with First Amendment freedoms on the Supreme Court. He writes, "The First Amendment does not say that there is freedom of expression provided the talk is not 'dangerous'.

Making America a Better Place Essay

America has had many great leaders in its history. They were all great though they all had different strategies. Leaders also come in different packages like some were presidents and some were just common people that influenced people. It does not matter what they were or what strategies they used they all wanted the best for America and led it through tough times and change. Two leaders American leaders that admire are Martin Luther King Jr. and Eisenhower. They both gave meaningful speeches our nation. Dr.  King gave a great inspirational speech in Memphis, Tennessee in order to push civil rights forward, while Eisenhower gave a farewell speech saying good bye to our nation. One thing that Dr. King and Eisenhower had differently in their speeches was their purpose. Dr. King’s purpose was to motivate the black community to fight for their equal rights and fix America’s racism problem. On the other hand Eisenhower was motivating the citizen to keep America progressing forward and cautiously without him. The only similarity that their purpose has is that they motivate a group of people living in America. A similarity is that they both repetition in their speeches. Dr. King uses it to engage more motivation form his audience. For example Dr. King repeats â€Å"If I had sneezed† to show that great things have happened and will continue to happen. Eisenhower also uses repetition, he repeat â€Å"Night† to his audience to emphasize that he is leaving the presidency to become a common citizen. These great leaders might have had different purposes and different strategies but their main goal was to make America a better.

References to the Moon in Paul Austers Moon Palace

References to the moon in Paul Austers Moon Palace * Frequently dealing with the moon * Already at the beginning the moon is mentioned with the first Landing on the moon * page 7 line 1: * â€Å"It was the summer that men first walked on the moon. â€Å" Introduction of the leitmotif; outlines the time in which the story approximately takes place * page 18/ 19: * â€Å"Moonlight Moodsâ€Å";. â€Å"Moon Menâ€Å" * page 38 line 21- 25: * â€Å"†¦ Radiant Diana, I thought†¦ â€Å" Diana is the Roman god of the moon. The male counterpart is Sol(? -omon) who is the god of the sun. * page 39 line 51- 52: â€Å"Perhaps the word moon had changed for me after I saw men wandering about its surface. â€Å" Marco learns that the moon is reachable and so is also his aim (to find his identity). * page 77 line 50 – 53: * â€Å"†¦ they (Kitty`s visits) were natural events, and they carried the same force and inevitability as the weather, the motions of the planets, or the light that came filtering through the window at three o`clock every afternoon †¦ † This means that Kitty`s visits are regularly because the circulation of the planets always happens in the same succession. page 85 line 48 – 50: * † †¦ the point was to accept things as they were, to drift along with the flow of the universe †¦ † This passage is linked to Marco`s life in the parc when he didn`t make any effort to reach something. He only wanted to keep on living just as the planets are rotating without being influenced by any other subject than nature. * page 86 line 29 – 31: * † †¦ within the next ten days or so, I believe I put on eighteen or twenty pounds, and by the end of the month I was beginning to resemble the person I had once been †¦ Marco`s siuation is compared with the moon: After a certain time of change the moon turns into his initial condition. * page 100 line 32- 33: * â€Å"The sun is the past, th e earth is the present, the moon is the future. â€Å" This is a link to Marco`s future. After 9 months when he reads Nicola Tesla`s autobiography he finds the same sentence. * page 139 line 50- 54: * Marco is looking at a picture showing the moon but he isn`t able to recognize the real meaning of the painting immediately. Marco`s life is compared with this. * page 155 line 58- 60: The moon is a sign giving orientation towards Marco`s life. * page 252 line 30- 32: * Sol puts the origins of the Indians having saved John Kepler from death to the moon. * page 255 line 56- 57: * The moon is a symbol of darkness and lunacy but it also reflects a new beginning. The earth around Utah resembles the surface of the moon. * page 302 line 11- 14: * Marco`s real life starts when he is looking at the moon. Now, he has succeeded his quest for identity so he can re- enact how important it is to have a point of orientation in your life. Once Thomas Effing has tried to teach Marco this. Moon Palace: * He lives as homeless person in the central park his rescue through meeting Kitty Wu Moon as a symbol for hope and change * Restaurant Moon Palace a Chinese restaurant; Moon palace as the embodiment of the misconception that Columbus thought America was China * There are three stories in the book and each one is finally the same each generation repeats the same mistakes of the previous generation * Moon Landing at the very beginning: * Marco doesn’t share the enthusiasm of the most American people including the president p5/1 * Apollo project.Marco is critical of the M. L. because it stands for man’s Hybris to break into Gods Sphere * Marco talks about Moon Landings in Literature when he first meets Kitty p50/16 * Moon: * Goddess of love and lunacy p43/5 * Dark image * But also: a kind of new frontier (Columbus-the West-the moon) * Landscape of the moon is similar to the one of the American West p45/1 * moon is a lifeless stone * loneliness just like in the west * Mo on Palace * Esp. The neon sign of a Chinese Restaurant Marco sees from his apartment (once really existed) p. 5/11 * A painting called â€Å"Moonlight† by Ralph Blakelock p162/20 * The moon is above a peaceful scene (Indians/Nature/Frontier) * Associated with harmony between man and nature * Moon stands for constant change which determines Marcos life and future * (see the end of the novel, when Marco stares at the moon * compare Effings view (p182) the moon offers you a direction in Life/Orientation * Solomon Barber & the moon: * In Kepler’s Blood: the people there were born on the moon * Barbers bald head/his face reminds at the moon

Powerade marketing Essay

SWOT ANALYSIS Strength: Widely Distributed Loyal Customers Drink Technology Helps Distinguish Powerade Athletic Endorsements Strong Brand Name – Powerade Weaknesses: Online Marketing and Presence of Powerade. Opportunities: Product and Market Expansion. Flavor and Drink Innovation. Threats: Potential price wars could hurt the athletic drink market. Powerade is in fierce competition with Gatorade. External analysis Competition analysis The main competitor of powerade is Gatorade. The combined market share of all Gatorade products is 84.7% of the sports drink market. These Gatorade products include traditional Gatorade, Gatorade Frost, Gatorade Fierce, Gatorade X Factor Gatorade All Star, Gatorade Ice, Gatorade Extreme, and Gatorade Endurance Formula. The combined sales for these Gatorade products were $2.1 billion for the 52 weeks ending June 12, 2005. In this time period Gatorade has seen a 0.1% increase in its market share. Gatorade has sponsorship deals with the National Football League National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer. It also has a long history, being the first sports drink on the market when it was introduced in1965. More recently Gatorade has extended their product line to include Propel Fitness Water, which competes with Powerade option.  Both Gatorade and Powerade come in a wide variety of flavors and the two brand share comparable in price. Also, both are primarily sold in plastic bottles, but also offer a powder form. See Appendix A for a side-by-side comparison of the nutritional features of Powerade and Gatorade. Other competitors of powerade include all sport, Protein Ice and various other sports drinks. These products only make up 1% of the market. Various bottled water brands pose competition to powerade Option. The bottled water industry was a $9.1 billion dollar industry (domestic) in 2004 – a substantially larger market than sports drinks. Client Analysis The sports drinks market has been expanding in recent years. Ten years ago, sports drinks were typically consumed by serious athletes and body builders. The target market now includes people ranging in age from their teenage years to the 40s who have an interest in sports. Note that these people do not necessarily play sports regularly. There are three common occasions for consumption of sports drinks: after sports activity, for breakfast, and â€Å"on-the-go.† As a result, companies are reducing their focus on sports in order to accommodate these consumption patterns Sports drinks are generally viewed as a masculine product. The male to female ratio of the market is 4 to 1. Clearly males are targeted over females in this market, but data show that females also purchase the product regularly. Objectives: In recent years, powerade has lost revenue. Not because of fierce competition against Gatorade in the sports drink industry, but against enhanced water products like Vitamin Water, Smartwater. So powerade would like to gain consumers focus by reinvigorating the brand and generating buzz. Strategy: Reach more customers by broadening its demographics from athletes to any active consumer. Tactic: Refreshing and contemporizing the brand by renaming and repackaging its drinks. So bottles are now featuring a bigger size with the name powerade appearing almost in fine print. And powerade is embarking the boat of enhanced beverages. Strategies and Positioning Introduction Powerade is an energetic drink made by the Coca-Cola company. Its market is focused mainly in the sport world, because of the energy and mineral salts that it gives to supply the expensed ones during the exercise. Powerade entered the market in 1992. A market dominated mainly by Gatorade because of the lack of competitors in the market. As it is well known Coca-cola and Pepsi are main competitors in their market; well Powerade anda Gatorade are their sport products respectively. Because of the lack of competitors in this market, and the total dominance of Gatorade, Coca-cola Co. Decided to enter de market although they were in clear disadvantage. The first year that Powerade was in the market, it made a good hit to Gatorade, at least 10% of the sales, and this was because Pepsi Co was seeing Gatorade as a drink to have at home, just a beberage. Powerade entered as a sports man drink, that’s why it commenced to fight in this market. With a new competitor in the market, well, the only competitor in the market at the moment, and it wasn ´t no other that the worst enemy o Pepsi Co. , Coca-cola, the companay decided to commence a battle in marketing that still today is having place in our markets. Innovations and New Products The Gatorade commenced its battle by projecting its product in every place relationed with the product, as gyms, football fields, etc. But it was Coke Co. The one who took the initiative in this place, by entering the market after convincing various figures of sport to promote Powerade. Pepsi got new ideas! It had to get to a wider market an no only as a healthy drink that moms could give to their children. It decided to enter more strongly in the sport market, then it launched a series of products to improve in the sport, like energy bars, more energetic drink, even a gel, that Olympic sportsmen use. Anyway it wasn’t new to Coke Co these strategies and they had new ways of enter this market and fight for the triumph too. Powerade also got energy bars, or drinks, and even gels, like Gatorade did, but Coke Co had a new product to fight the competence; Powerade zero, a drink with zero calories and zero sugars, made as a diet drink, so it entered no only the market of sport more deeply with this product; it also opened a great market to whit no fat drinks! And there are a lot of people that want to lose weight with few or no sport; this drink definitively would be perfect for those users. Gatorade counter attacked making publicity and saying that an energy drinks, needs calories to supply the ones that you burn during exercise. Coke co was ready for that, and they argued that what you really needed during sport was just a drink to supply the mineral salts that you need, and with a good flavors; they got the help of some science studies to support their argument, and it just made Powerade to gain more sales, and then steel them from Gatorade. But battle wasn’t won yet, and Powerade knows that. So they commenced a marketing campaign with famous basket and football stars to publicities its product, also they launched new flavors. And in a battle that it seems that everything its worthy, Coca Cola Co had just hired the ex-executive manager of science and sports of Gatorade. Obviously a great heat to Pepsi Co and even more if Coke co hired him in the R+D department, what would make a great amount of sales for Powerade and lot less for Gatorade. And the impact was visible early. In 2010 Powerade’s sales raised to a 32% of the market in the third trimester, having in account that in 1990 the drink was launched at it got less than a 10%. Great hit to Gatorade, but it was owning the market yet. With more than 60% of the sales Gatorade is clearly the leader, but more and more, year by  year, Powerade gets more buyers than Gatorade. Conclusion Coca-Cola co entered a market where it has clear disadvantage, sport world drinks, with Powerade, and they had no more than a 10% of the sales in the market that was clearly governed by Coke’s main rival; Pepsi Co and its Gatorade with at least 80% of the sales in the market of energy drinks. But Powerade had a great future and they where ready to open at. After Powerade got the dominium of some great and famous athletes both competitors began a marketing battle by promoting their products in sport places. And Gatorade seeing the danger of this new competitor soon opened more strategies like new products. But Powerade strategies weren’t over yet and they launched new products to the market and opened a making it wider like the same products of even a diet drink. It is obvious that both companies have great marketing strategies, but in my opinion Powerade has the lead in that way, because year by year they are getting more sales and users from Gatorade. Not going too far, I began consuming Gatorade, but now a days when I do some sport, I use Powerade. Its benefits feel better than Gatorade ones. Product Powerade is an isotonic beverage/sports drink manufactured by â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company†; it was first introduced to the market in the year 1988 and later released nationally on the United States on the year 1992. Powerade’s primary competitor is Gatorade, which is manufactured by PepsiCo’s (Coca-Cola’s main competitor). By June 2007, Powerade reached a 13.4% of the market in its category, Gatorade being the leader of the market with an 84.2%. Ingredients Powerade is composed by water, high fructose corn syrup, salt, potassium citrate, phenylalanine, sucralose, sodium citrate, malic acid, potassium phosphate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B2. Flavors This product stands out by the numerous types of flavors it offers; currently there are eight types of flavors: Orange, Mountain Berry Blast (originally Mountain Blast), Fruit Punch, Grape, Lemon Lime, Sour Melon (originally Green Squall), White Cherry (originally Arctic Shatter), and Strawberry Lemonade. Apart from this, there are six flavors of Powerade zero, the zero calorie version of the product, this are: Mixed Berry, Grape, Lemon Lime, Orange, Fruit Punch and Strawberry. Sponsorship Powerade is the official sports drink of teams like Wallabies, New Zealand’s All Blacks, River Plate from Argentina, the Australian Football League, O’Higgins F.C, Argentina’s national football team, Mexico’s national football team, the PGA Tour, Nascar, and the United States Olympic team. Apart from this, Rogelio Funes Mori from River Plate, Lebron James from the Miami Heat, and Wayne Rooney from Manchester United, are the three main sportsman sponsored by Powerade. Product life cycle The Product life cycle consist of four stages starting from introduction stage, growth stage, maturity stage and decline stage. At the introduction stage, the product is not popular and can’t really make a lot of profit. Its marketing cost may be high in order to test a market and set up a distribution channel. At the growth stage, the product start making a profit, the sales increase rapidly with some cost on marketing especially brand building. Competitors enter the market, often in large number depending on how attractive the market is. When a profit starts to decline, it’s the sign of ‘Maturity stage’. Powerade was originally elaborated for athletes. Originally it had to be reformulated because of its bad taste and because of ingredients problems. The new formula offered better nutritional values, and this led to Powerade being consumed as a common drink. Because of this, in its growth stage Powerade started releasing different types of drinks for athletes, with the objective of hydrating them. Powerade has tried to create more new products  than Gatorade and the other competition, but this task is not easy since Gatorade products are more demanded. As sales decline, the firm has several options like maintaining the product, possibly rejuvenating it by adding new features and finding new uses; harvest the product reduce costs and continue to offer it, possibly to a loyal niche segment, or discontinuing the product. In Powerade’s case, it will continue offering its products, with the confident of continue growing and not to decline, and also changing features, like a new bottle which projects a new and fresh image. Brand equity As a Performance Partner of the ‘All Blacks’, Powerade has recorded some exceptional scores of late, having seen volume sales of its 750ml bottles grow by 22.9% in supermarkets across New Zealand since 2009, confirming its status as the countries number one selling sports drink. Ahead of the launch of its latest campaign, the challenge therefore facing Powerade was to grow its brand further than the 80% market share that it currently already occupies. Equipped with the insight that Powerade was only being drunk on game days by consumers in New Zealand, the brand wanted to become an integral part of daily training routines, and utilized its sponsorship of the Rugby team to achieve this through the launch of a multi-touch point campaign launched in late June that aimed to heighten anticipation ahead of the Rugby World Cup in September. This was Powerade’s ‘Black’, which hit the supermarkets across New Zealand creating impact and patriotism among fans in what was a crucial year in the history of the nation from a Rugby perspective. Adding weight to the campaign was the launch of a TVC, ‘Train Like You’re In The Game’, that highlighted how the hard work on the training ground is replicated in a match situation, creating a direct link between high performance and the abilities of Powerade to facilitate this by hydrating the body. Online activation saw the launch of a Powerade New Zealand Facebook page, where training tips and behind the scenes footage of the New Zealand Rugby team could be accessed, providing an insight into the lives of elite athletes by posing the question to members of the New Zealand Rugby Team, â€Å"what makes an ‘All Black’?† The Powerade NZ website took this idea to a new level, featuring tips and advice from NZ Rugby strength and conditioning coach, Dr. Nic Gill, and provided a ‘hydration calculator’ tool that aggregated the amount of fluid lost from the body through sweat during exercise. In addition, various training drills were shared by Dr. Gill targeted at improving endurance, speed, performance and strength whilst details of the ‘Powerade Challenge’ were also provided. In order for consumers to test their fitness levels against those of the All Blacks players, Powerade also launched the ‘Powerade Challenge’ in July, creating a running course located on the Auckland waterfront integrated with RFID technology so that runners could track their times. Participants could register online to receive their free personalized Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) bracelet, which could be activated by placing it on unique Powerade vending machines located a various distances around the running route. All results were uploaded to the brand’s website. The integrated push from Powerade highlights the desire of the brand to cement its status as the number one selling sports drink in New Zealand, building equity in the process and showcasing its innovative technologies during the Rugby World Cup, a time where the sport (already massive in the country) is at the forefront of consumers minds. PRICE In order to talk about the Price, inside the Marketing Mix of POWERADE. To introduce this part of the presentation, what we can say is that ‘Price’ as one of the elements that gives a real benefit to the company, needs to be studied, in order to know why companies put a determined price to the product. And, as we are going to see now, the price will vary, depending on the country it’s sold and the GDP of the country. AMERICA In the table above what we can see are the values of the POWERADE and GATORADE (its major competitor in the whole market of the energetic beverages) North America: In Canada, price of Powerade is less than Gatorade, as it is usual due to Powerade (normally) sells its product at a lower price than its major competitor (Gatorade). In the USA, price of Powerade acts in the same way than Canada, lower price than Gatorade. In this case the GDP of Canada and USA is not a great factor, in order to evaluate the price the product. Central America: In Mexico, price of Powerade is much lower than in North America, but is a little greater in comparison with Gatorade. Here we can appreciate, that the GDP of Mexico is less, so price of both products is lower. South America: In Brazil, we can see that price of Powerade is quite bigger than in the USA, even with a lower GDP, in this case, the main reason could be that, Powerade demand is not so big, in order to decrease the price, or another reason, could be that, Gatorade has a greater Market Share. So, it could explain why the difference between both products is relatively big. In Argentina, we can see a greater difference between both products, and here, is clear that marketing strategy of Powerade, which is ‘to offer same product, but a lower price’, is done. Other thing that we can see about price, if we compare it with USA, it’s clear that Powerade is more expensive. EUROPE POWERADE (500 ML) $ POWERADE $ GATORADE $GDP EUROPE UK 1,33 1,42 35.500 FRANCE 2,08 2,51 34.569 GERMANY 1,58 1,83 37.900 ITALY 1,64 2,34 31.264 SPAIN 1,22 1,41 31.500 Studying the price of Powerade in Europe, we can say that: the variety of prices doesn’t vary between countries. The main reason could be that European countries analyzed are inside the European Union, and the difference of prices doesn’t vary between them. Only remark France, where the prices of Powerade (and Gatorade) are quite bigger than the rest, even comparing them with Germany, where the GDP is higher. ASIA POWERADE (500 ML) $ POWERADE $ GATORADE $GDP ASIA CHINA 1,26 1,6 8400 JAPAN 2,81 3,25 35280 SOUTH KOREA 1,26 1,89 33100 In the box above, we can appreciate that in Asia, the variation of GDP is very high, and wide, due to the wealth of the nations studied. The main thing remarkable is that in Japan, the price of Powerade is quite high than in China or South Korea, the main reason, it’s because the wealth of Japan is high than the rest of the Asian countries. AFRICA POWERADE (500 ML) $ POWERADE $ GATORADE $GDP AFRICA MOROCCO 0,9 1,145 5252 EGYPT 0,95 1,12 6180 SOUTH AFRICA 1,093 1,35 10890 Here in Africa, what we can appreciate is that the prices of Powerade (and Gatorade) don’t vary with other developed countries. One thing remarkable is that Powerade costs more in South Africa than Morocco or Egypt, maybe because the GDP of this country is higher than the others compared. OCEANIA POWERADE (500 ML) $ POWERADE $ GATORADE $GDP OCEANIA AUSTRALIA 2,25 2,79 40820 NEW ZEALAND 3,56 2,76 29535 Analyzing the prices in Oceania, we can appreciate that there is a big difference between the prices of this continent and the rest of the world. Bottles of 500 ml, of Powerade, are more expensive than in other countries outside Australia or New Zealand. One reason could be because of the distance between this countries and Asia,  so, the production cost could be higher. Other reason could be because of the GDP, if we see, its high comparing it with the media of GDP, and between Australia and New Zealand the difference is clearly defined. In New Zealand is much more expensive to buy a bottle of Powerade than in Australia. BUT, if you buy a bottle of Gatorade is cheaper than a bottle of Powerade, this could because the demand of Gatorade is higher than Powerade, so the company decided to reduce its price, in order to maintain the consumption. Natural disasters in Australia Natural disasters are events that occur naturally such as earthquakes, cyclones, Storms, and floods. These kinds of disasters can cause significant physical damage, interruption of business services and personal injury/loss of life. Due to the effects of global warming and consequential climate change the rate of natural disasters in Australia is increasing day by day. I myself have faced such kind of natural disaster in Pakistan in the year 2012 which was a flood. So I can relate and describe how painful and how bad economically these disasters can be; destroying each and everything coming in its way. There are two types of economic impacts due to natural disasters: 1. Direct Economic impact. This includes lifelines such as water, sanitation system, gas, electricity, telecommunication and transportation which are vulnerable to all types of natural disasters which are included in public infrastructure and community facilities. Other than this business enterprise, households & residents are also part of direct impact. 2. Indirect economic impact. Indirect economic impact includes disruption and clean up. These impacts are incurred due to consequence of the disaster. Australia has always been facing these kinds of disasters which made a huge loss for Australia and a lot of time and money was spent to bring Australia back in its kind of original form. If we go through the history of Australia  we can read that from the year 1967 till 1999 there have been 265 such disasters costing more than $10 million dollars each. The total cost of most disasters is ranging from $10 to $50 million which is a huge amount. Among the entire disasters, floods were most common and most costly. Floods have always been on number one causing destruction on a high level, contributing $10.4 billion or 29 percent to the total cost followed by Storms and Cyclones making 26 and 24 percent of the total cost. The bushfire crisis in Victoria is Australia’s worst-ever bushfire disaster. It’s also Australia’s worst natural disaster in 110 years which so far has claimed 131 lives. If we analyze the currently available data then we come up with a statement that total cost of natural disasters in Australia between the years 1967 and 1999 is approximately $36.4 billion, which is easy to say and hard to believe. If we integrate deaths and injuries into this data then the total cost increases to $37.8 billion or approximately $85 per person compared to prices in 1999. This estimation brings to an average annual total cost of natural disasters to $1.14 billion since 1967 or $1.17 since 1980 and $1.51 billion prices are subjected to year 1999. An organization called â€Å"The Natural disaster Relief and Recover Arrangements (NDRRA) is an organization that provides Commonwealth and States which share costs in rebuilding the assets of states that are damaged by the natural disaster. By which the states are able to get a little part of the total cost from the Common wealth used in reconstructing state government assets. Every state in Australia has some self-insurance or some form of managed fund which helps in insuring states assets. It is recommended by many that the formula used under â€Å"The Natural Disaster Relief and Recovery Arrangements† should be changed to expenditure method before the State or Territory gets any insurance recovery. Natural disasters cause so much heavy burden on the economy of Australia that at some stage it becomes so hard for the government to deal with the outcomes of that disaster. There are many ways which can help the government getting over these disasters and make plans or organizations which can work  on these disasters as these disasters are unavoidable part of Australia. Nothing much can be done besides what has always done on such events. Below are some ways that can help. Low interest concessional loans should be given on large scale by the government to companies. Series of loan repayment should be increased to as maximum as possible. Flood premium discount should be given for existing homes but not for new homes. Every year some part of the Gross Domestic Product should be saved a side. Emergency relief assistance and emergency re-establishment assistance should be increased. Provide a carrier that has good reputation in claiming service. 1. Neil Gentle, Sharyn Kierce, Alistair Nitz, 2001 â€Å"Economic cost of natural disaster in Australia† Retrieved from â€Å"https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CDAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.em.gov.au%2FDocuments%2FEconomic_costs_of_natural_disasters_in_Australia.pdf&ei=XO17UdX2FcaiigeT1oCYCQ&usg=AFQjCNE89LiWzBdi_zr3hvixQdXzkLYLBA&sig2=bVIuhvxRuq8ZUmgV1h7sYg&bvm=bv.45645796,d.dGI† on 18th April 2013. 2. Emergency Management Australia, 2002 â€Å"Economic and Financial aspects of Disaster Recovery† Retrieved from https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CDUQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.em.gov.au%2FDocuments%2FManual28-EconomicandFinancialAspectsofDisasterRecovery.pdf&ei=XO17UdX2FcaiigeT1oCYCQ&usg=AFQjCNGgKyl9WZm6lEw4LUhncbrFlzf7zA&sig2=4zfhYHeYKdlqn4qrM5cFaA&bvm=bv.45645796,d.dGI on April 19, 2013. 3. Bureau of Transport Economics Report 103, 2001 â€Å"Economic costs of natural disasters in Australia† Retrieved from http://www.bitre.gov.au/publications/2001/files/report_103.pdf on April 21, 2013. 4. John Trowbridge, Jim Minto, John Berrill, September 2001 â€Å"Natural disaster insurance review,†